{"id":12126,"date":"2012-07-24T04:03:45","date_gmt":"2012-07-23T21:03:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=12126"},"modified":"2015-07-06T15:34:59","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T08:34:59","slug":"un-regime-foncier-pour-qui-reconnaitre-les-droits-communautaires-est-essentiel-pour-la-legitimite-de-redd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/12126\/un-regime-foncier-pour-qui-reconnaitre-les-droits-communautaires-est-essentiel-pour-la-legitimite-de-redd","title":{"rendered":"Un r\u00e9gime foncier pour qui? Reconna\u00eetre les droits communautaires est essentiel pour la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de REDD +"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_10166\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10166\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/10164\/land-tenure-for-whom-recognising-community-rights-essential-for-redds-legitimacy\/5329968337_71fb2b3ac5_b\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10166\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10166\" title=\"Women farmers in Lakes State, southern Sudan\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/5329968337_71fb2b3ac5_b-500x332.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10166\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Les agricultrices dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tat des Lacs, Soudan du Sud. Photo par Alun McDonald\/Oxfam<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Ce blog a d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 en Juin 2012, pour co\u00efncider avec la publication en anglais de <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/Books\/BAngelsen1201\/FrenchSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">L\u2019Analyse de la REDD +: les enjeux et les choix<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Si un r\u00e9gime de r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration des pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de carbone en ralentissant la d\u00e9forestation veut avoir de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9, le r\u00e9gime foncier n&rsquo;a pas seulement besoin d&rsquo;\u00eatre clarifi\u00e9 &#8211; mais d\u2019\u00eatre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 dans une mani\u00e8re qui respecte les droits des communaut\u00e9s locales, selon les experts du <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale<\/a> (CIFOR).<\/p>\n<p>Le principe derri\u00e8re la R\u00e9duction des Emissions dues \u00e0 la D\u00e9forestation et \u00e0 la D\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats, ou REDD +, est de r\u00e9compenser les gens qui s\u00e9questrent du carbone ou \u00e9vitent la d\u00e9forestation, de les indemniser pour les opportunit\u00e9s manqu\u00e9es et de suspendre les paiements s\u2019ils ne respectent pas leurs promesses, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Anne Larson, scientifique au CIFOR.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Le r\u00e9gime foncier est important car vous avez besoin de savoir qui est-ce que vous indemnisez \u00bb, dit-elle.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Et vous avez besoin de savoir \u00e0 qui est-ce que demander des comptes. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e9sentant \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence de la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecoeco.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale pour l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie \u00e9cologique<\/a> en marge de Rio +20 au Br\u00e9sil, Mme Larson a dit que m\u00eame s&rsquo;il est maintenant largement reconnu que les questions fonci\u00e8res sont importantes pour la REDD +, il ne suffit pas de simplement clarifier la propri\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab C&rsquo;est l\u2019enjeu de la reconnaissance des droits. La clarification pour qui cela importe vraiment \u00bb, dit-elle.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: solid 1px #dedede;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ce sujet sera l&rsquo;un des th\u00e8mes discut\u00e9s lors de la conf\u00e9rence de deux jours<em><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/fr\/events\/cifors-20th-anniversary\/anniversary-events\/la-gestion-durable-des-forets-dafrique-centrale.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">La gestion durable des for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique centrale: hier, aujourd&rsquo;hui et demain<\/a><\/em> \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9 au Cameroun les 22 et 23 mai 2013. .<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Retrouvez les reportages du CIFOR sur les for\u00eats d&rsquo;Afrique Centrale sur <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">forestsnews.cifor.org\/fr\/yaounde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00ab Clarifier le r\u00e9gime foncier pour la REDD + pourrait juste signifier de donner toute la for\u00eat \u00e0 un propri\u00e9taire terrien priv\u00e9 et ainsi le probl\u00e8me serait r\u00e9solu &#8211; mais tout d&rsquo;abord, cela ne r\u00e9soudra pas le probl\u00e8me, et d&rsquo;autre part il y a des s\u00e9rieux probl\u00e8mes d&rsquo;\u00e9quit\u00e9 en ce qui concerne les personnes qui vivent d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans la for\u00eat, leurs moyens de subsistance et leurs droits coutumiers au cours du temps. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Mais elle dit que ce n&rsquo;est pas seulement pour des raisons d&rsquo;\u00e9quit\u00e9 que le r\u00e9gime foncier doit \u00eatre r\u00e9solu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Certains pr\u00e9tendent que si les droits ne sont pas respect\u00e9s, il y aura des manifestations, il y aura des actes de sabotage, il y aura des risques pour les investisseurs en termes d&rsquo;obtention du financement pour la REDD + et de la faire r\u00e9aliser. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Le travail de Mme Larson sur le r\u00e9gime foncier s&rsquo;appuie sur l\u2019\u00e9tude comparative mondiale sur la REDD + du CIFOR et a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans une nouvelle publication du CIFOR, <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/Books\/BAngelsen1302.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Analyser la REDD +<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0iC_O90QDlg<\/p>\n<p>Sans droits fonciers pour les personnes vivant dans les for\u00eats, la REDD + n&rsquo;a pas la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 dont elle a besoin pour fonctionner, dit Mme Larson.<\/p>\n<p>Mais la r\u00e9solution du probl\u00e8me n&rsquo;est pas facile.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Le plus gros probl\u00e8me en mati\u00e8re de droits fonciers pour la REDD +, c&rsquo;est que c&rsquo;est cher. C&rsquo;est cher, c\u2019est difficile \u00e0 faire en terme logistique, c\u2019est d\u00e9sordonn\u00e9 \u00bb, dit Mme Larson.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Un autre probl\u00e8me est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la complexit\u00e9, et la tendance des gouvernements et des organismes de titrage de vouloir simplifier. Pour la REDD + ce serait plus facile, mais cela ne fonctionne pas n\u00e9cessairement pour les populations locales et leurs moyens de subsistance. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Mme Larson dit que cela est particuli\u00e8rement complexe dans des zones ayant des chevauchements de syst\u00e8mes de droits fonciers.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement apparent dans certaines r\u00e9gions d&rsquo;Afrique o\u00f9, par exemple, diff\u00e9rentes personnes peuvent avoir des droits au cours de diff\u00e9rentes saisons: une famille peut avoir des droits sur les fruits d\u2019un arbre, et quelqu&rsquo;un d&rsquo;autre a des droits sur le bois de feu, peut-\u00eatre des \u00e9leveurs viennent pour un mois ou deux et ont le droit de faire pa\u00eetre les branches basses \u00bb, dit-elle.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Il y a toutes sortes de droits qui se chevauchent, donc quand vous donnez un titre \u00e0 une personne, vous avez fondamentalement ni\u00e9 les droits \u00e0 toutes ces autres personnes. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Et vous pouvez couper des filets de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, en particulier lorsque vous avez affaire \u00e0 des populations rurales pauvres. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Mme Larson affirme que la r\u00e9solution des probl\u00e8mes fonciers dans une mani\u00e8re qui respecte les droits au niveau local ouvrirait beaucoup plus d&rsquo;options \u00e0 la REDD + et assurerait que le syst\u00e8me est \u00e0 la fois juste et efficace.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Si vous ne voulez pas que des personnes pauvres s&rsquo;appauvrissent, qu\u2019ils perdent leurs droits fonciers, perdent la source de leurs moyens de subsistance, et pas seulement au nom de l&rsquo;\u00e9quit\u00e9, mais parce qu&rsquo;ils peuvent r\u00e9ellement mettre le feu \u00e0 la for\u00eat s&rsquo;ils sont exclus ou en souffrance \u00e0 cause des mains de gens faisant la promotion de la REDD +, peut importe si ceux-ci sont des investisseurs ou des cow-boys du carbone \u2013 alors le r\u00e9gime foncier importe et je pense que 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5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\n\tfont-family:Cambria;\n\tmso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;\n\tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;\n\tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}\n<\/style>\n\n<![endif]--><\/p>\n<p><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Georgia;\">Pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur les questions discut\u00e9es dans cet article, veuillez contacter Anne Larson sur <a href=\"mailto:a.larson@cgiar.org\">a.larson@cgiar.org <\/a><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><em>Ce travail s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/forests-trees-agroforestry\/crp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les for\u00eats, les arbres et l&rsquo;agroforesterie<\/a>*, aid\u00e9 par the UK Department of International Development (DFID), The <em>Norwegian<\/em> Agency for Development Cooperation (<em>NORAD<\/em>) et AusAid. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce blog a d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 en Juin 2012, pour co\u00efncider avec la publication en anglais de L\u2019Analyse de la REDD +: les enjeux et les choix Si un r\u00e9gime de r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration des pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de carbone en ralentissant la d\u00e9forestation veut avoir de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9, le r\u00e9gime [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,13,180],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[545],"class_list":["post-12126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-governance","category-mitigating-climate-change","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast 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