{"id":11639,"date":"2012-11-14T03:26:32","date_gmt":"2012-11-14T03:26:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=11639"},"modified":"2015-09-30T16:18:18","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T09:18:18","slug":"sous-la-menace-la-pression-de-deforestation-sur-les-forets-du-bassin-du-congo-grandit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/11639\/sous-la-menace-la-pression-de-deforestation-sur-les-forets-du-bassin-du-congo-grandit","title":{"rendered":"Sous la menace: la pression de d\u00e9forestation sur les for\u00eats du bassin du Congo grandit"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
60 millions de personnes d\u00e9pendent des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo pour leur subsistance.\u00a0Ollivier Girard\/CIFOR<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

YAOUND\u00c9, Cameroun (14 Novembre, 2012)_ Les for\u00eats tropicales du bassin du Congo sont d\u00e9frich\u00e9es \u00e0 un rythme alarmant face \u00e0 la demande mondiale en ressources min\u00e9rales, \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et de bois en provenance d’Afrique, disent les experts, en saluant les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par les pays concern\u00e9s et d’autres parties prenantes pour tenter de cr\u00e9er un syst\u00e8me efficace de suivi.<\/p>\n

Les pressions exerc\u00e9es sur ses for\u00eats de 200 million hectare \u2013 bien qu\u2019elles ne soient pas d\u2019aussi grande envergure que celles de l’Amazonie br\u00e9silienne ou l’Indon\u00e9sie – sont \u00e9normes, d\u00e9clare Richard Eba\u2019a Atyi<\/a>, coordinateur pour l’Afrique centrale du Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale.<\/p>\n

Dans la qu\u00eate pour les ressources naturelles, des routes nouvellement construites ont ouvert de vastes \u00e9tendus de for\u00eats vierges aux b\u00fbcherons (\u00e0 la fois l\u00e9gaux et ill\u00e9gaux), aux mineurs et villageois.<\/p>\n

Les populations en pleine augmentation d\u00e9pendant de la for\u00eat \u2013 qui s\u2019\u00e9tend \u00e0 travers de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, de la plupart du Congo-Brazzaville, du sud-est du Cameroun, du sud de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, du Gabon et du Gabon \u00e9quatoriale – ont \u00e9galement engendr\u00e9 une demande accrue en bois de feu et le d\u00e9frichage des terres pour les cultures vivri\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Les menaces ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab \u00e9videntes \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Monsieur Atyi, mais jusqu’\u00e0 r\u00e9cemment il n’y avait \u00ab pas de m\u00e9canisme d’information scientifique viable pour faire face \u00e0 ces probl\u00e8mes \u00bb.<\/p>\n

C’est en train de changer lentement.<\/p>\n

Les protagonistes de la r\u00e9gion et au-del\u00e0, y compris le CIFOR, ont commenc\u00e9 par la publication en 2006 de Les for\u00eats du bassin du Congo: \u00e9tat des for\u00eats<\/em>, qui a fourni aux d\u00e9cideurs de la r\u00e9gion une image plus claire de l’\u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des for\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Les rapports, publi\u00e9s deux fois par an jusqu’en 2014 sous le patronage de l\u2019Observatoire des For\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale<\/a> (OFAC), ont aussi jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans l’orientation des politiques et l\u2019\u00e9laboration de strat\u00e9gies efficaces, et ont constitu\u00e9 une base pour des \u00e9valuations p\u00e9riodiques futures.<\/p>\n

Monsieur Atyi dit qu\u2019en soulignant le fait de se concentrer, par exemple, sur la gestion durable des concessions du gouvernement pour l’exploitation industrielle du bois, comme \u00e9tant l\u2019une des r\u00e9ussites, \u00ab nous sommes pass\u00e9s de z\u00e9ro hectare \u00e0 5 millions d’hectares certifi\u00e9s pour la gestion durable des for\u00eats \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous avons \u00e9galement environ 15 millions d’hectares g\u00e9r\u00e9s conform\u00e9ment aux plans d’am\u00e9nagement forestier. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab Mais nous avons vu notre travail tronqu\u00e9, parce que ce n’est qu’une partie de l’histoire \u00bb, ajoute t-il, notant que le secteur informel, qui joue un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans les \u00e9conomies des pays du bassin du Congo, n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 correctement document\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous devons \u00e9galement continuer \u00e0 surveiller ce secteur. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Il s’agit d\u2019enjeux importants.<\/p>\n

Les moyens de subsistance d’environ 60 millions de personnes d\u00e9pendent des for\u00eats du bassin du Congo, qui g\u00e9n\u00e8rent \u00e9galement des fonds pour les Etats de la r\u00e9gion au travers de l’exploitation du bois, comprennent une biodiversit\u00e9 unique et r\u00e9gulent les grands fleuves de la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n

Et lorsque les arbres sont coup\u00e9s ou br\u00fbl\u00e9s, des millions de tonnes d’\u00e9missions de carbone sont pomp\u00e9es dans l’atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous savions depuis un certain temps qu’il y avait une pression croissante sur les ressources foresti\u00e8res du bassin du Congo en raison de la croissance d\u00e9mographique, des guerres incessantes entra\u00eenant des d\u00e9placements massifs de populations, du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique dans la r\u00e9gion et de l’augmentation de la demande mondiale \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Monsieur Atyi, qui a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9laborer plusieurs des \u00e9ditions du rapport.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La communaut\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re et d’autres parties prenantes devaient agir avant que la situation n\u2019empire. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Dix pays d’Afrique centrale ont soutenu ces efforts en juillet cette ann\u00e9e, en lan\u00e7ant un projet de 18 mois pour aider \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les syst\u00e8mes nationaux de surveillance des for\u00eats tropicales et la coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale.<\/p>\n

Le projet sera g\u00e9r\u00e9 par la Commission des For\u00eats d’Afrique Centrale<\/a> (COMIFAC) en collaboration avec l’ONU pour l\u2019alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) et l’Institut national br\u00e9silien de recherches spatiales (INPE – Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais).<\/p>\n

Un homme qui a connu une d\u00e9forestation massive dans le bassin du Congo a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que ces efforts ne pouvaient pas venir assez vite.<\/p>\n

Jean Mapima a travaill\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 30 ans pour la conservation. Durant les six derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 conservateur \u00e0 la r\u00e9serve nationale de Tumba-Lediima en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 500 kilom\u00e8tres au nord-est de la capitale Kinshasa.<\/p>\n

\u00ab J’ai eu des batailles continues avec une grande partie de la communaut\u00e9 ici qui ne comprend pas pourquoi nous devons les garder hors des plus de 7.500 kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s de terres fertiles qui appartiennent \u00e0 leurs anc\u00eatres \u00bb, explique-t-il.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous avons besoin de l’aide de nos partenaires, y compris le CIFOR, pour \u00e9duquer notre peuple sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de prot\u00e9ger nos for\u00eats avant qu’il ne soit trop tard. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Il y a peu de choses qu\u2019il n’a pas vues durant sa vie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab J’ai connu une d\u00e9forestation \u00e9norme au Congo o\u00f9 les gens d\u00e9pendent des for\u00eats pour presque tout \u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Par exemple, beaucoup de for\u00eats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9frich\u00e9es pour les plantations. Les gens se d\u00e9placent \u00e0 la recherche de terres fertiles partout l\u00e0 o\u00f9 ils peuvent les trouver. Les normes agricoles ne sont pas du tout respect\u00e9es dans cette partie du monde. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab J’ai aussi vu une augmentation de la chasse non autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 grande envergure pour la viande de brousse, avec des armes sophistiqu\u00e9es, y compris l\u2019AK47. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Monsieur Mapima et d\u2019autres disent qu’ils peuvent seulement esp\u00e9rer que les efforts visant \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un syst\u00e8me efficace de surveillance des for\u00eats aborderont ces probl\u00e8mes et bien d’autres.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d\u2019histoires du Bassin du Congo, cliquez ici<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

YAOUND\u00c9, Cameroun (14 Novembre, 2012)_ Les for\u00eats tropicales du bassin du Congo sont d\u00e9frich\u00e9es \u00e0 un rythme alarmant face \u00e0 la demande mondiale en ressources min\u00e9rales, \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et de bois en provenance d’Afrique, disent les experts, en saluant les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par les pays concern\u00e9s et d’autres parties prenantes pour tenter de cr\u00e9er un syst\u00e8me […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,137,13,95,151],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[596],"class_list":["post-11639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-forest-management-restoration","category-governance","category-human-wellbeing","category-redd-2","language-francais"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSous la menace: la pression de d\u00e9forestation sur les for\u00eats du bassin du Congo grandit - 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