{"id":11355,"date":"2012-11-05T03:50:55","date_gmt":"2012-11-05T03:50:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=11355"},"modified":"2015-07-30T15:50:59","modified_gmt":"2015-07-30T08:50:59","slug":"determination-de-la-deforestation-et-deforestation-comme-le-facteur-determinant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/11355\/determination-de-la-deforestation-et-deforestation-comme-le-facteur-determinant","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9termination de la d\u00e9forestation et d\u00e9forestation comme le facteur d\u00e9terminant"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quand j’ai d\u00e9but\u00e9 mon travail au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) le mois dernier, j’ai remarqu\u00e9 l’horloge appel\u00e9e World Deforestation Clock, la montre de la d\u00e9forestation mondiale, sur la page web du CIFOR<\/a> qui indique aux lecteurs \u00ab le nombre d’hectares de for\u00eat qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perdus depuis votre arriv\u00e9e sur cette page \u00bb. Plus votre navigateur reste sur notre page web, plus ce chiffre augmente. Alors j’ai r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi \u00e0 cette fonction et revu ce que nous communiquons et pourquoi. En approfondissant ce sujet, toute une s\u00e9rie de questions int\u00e9ressantes ont \u00e9merg\u00e9 et je vais ici essayer de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 certaines d’entre elles.<\/p>\n

Tout d’abord, qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019indique cette horloge? Il est important de noter qu’il existe \u00e0 la fois des zones ayant des tendances positives et d\u2019autres n\u00e9gatives, et que l’horloge indique seulement les tendances n\u00e9gatives. Autrement dit il y a des zones consid\u00e9rables de for\u00eat gagn\u00e9es au fil du temps et des zones encore plus vastes perdues. Dans l’\u00e9valuation des ressources foresti\u00e8res mondiales de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2000<\/a> (FRA), qui est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par mon ancien employeur, l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO), l’estimation des pertes (d\u00e9forestation) \u00e9taient de 14,8 millions d’hectares par an (Mha\/an) et celles des gains de 5,6 Mha\/an, le r\u00e9sultat \u00e9tant un changement net de superficie de -9,4 millions d’hectares\/an. Dans le FRA 2005<\/a> les changements bruts et nets n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9s, mais un taux de d\u00e9forestation de 13 Mha\/an, soit 0,41 hectares par seconde (ha\/s) pour la p\u00e9riode 1990-2005, a \u00e9t\u00e9 fourni en additionnant tous les chiffres des rapports des pays indiquant une tendance n\u00e9gative du territoire. Ceci est une sous-estimation en soi, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les variations \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieure des pays ne sont pas prises en compte, n\u00e9anmoins l’horloge actuelle utilise ces chiffres. Les chiffres du FRA 2010<\/a> sont maintenant disponibles et montrent un taux plus bas de changement net des superficies avec -5,2 Mha\/an pour la p\u00e9riode 2000-2010. Le rapport FRA 2012 indique \u00e9galement une d\u00e9forestation de \u00ab pr\u00e8s de 16 Mha\/an \u00bb pour 1990-2010, en se basant sur les analyses semblables du FRA 2000. Ce chiffre est dit \u00eatre \u00ab plus pr\u00e9cis \u00bb, mais aucune r\u00e9f\u00e9rence n’est donn\u00e9e quant \u00e0 la fa\u00e7on dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 calcul\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 mon avis, il n\u2019y a jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent pas d’autre alternative \u00e0 l\u2019information du FRA, qui se base sur des rapports nationaux pour analyser le changement de la superficie foresti\u00e8re mondiale. Plusieurs tentatives scientifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites pour d\u00e9terminer les changements globaux \u00e0 l’aide de donn\u00e9es de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, mais en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral celles-ci illustrent l’\u00e9volution de la couverture d’arbres (ce qui est diff\u00e9rent de l’\u00e9volution des superficies foresti\u00e8res), et il y a eu de multiples approches et ambitions de v\u00e9rification sur le terrain. Alors que la science avance dans ce domaine, le statut officiel des chiffres du FRA les rend plus appropri\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Les conclusions d’une enqu\u00eate continue de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection mondiale men\u00e9e par la FAO et la Commission Europ\u00e9enne (CE) apporteront cependant des donn\u00e9es nouvelles, enqu\u00eate effectu\u00e9e en \u00e9chantillonnant quelques 10.000 sites \u00e0 travers le globe et en impliquant l’expertise locale dans la v\u00e9rification des changements sur le terrain. Les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires<\/a> confirment des divergences dans les donn\u00e9es d\u00e9clar\u00e9es par les pays, y compris des surestimations de la d\u00e9forestation en Afrique, comme le montre d\u00e9j\u00e0 le FRA de l\u2019an 2000 (voir p.316<\/a>). Au niveau mondial, l’\u00e9tude confirme le taux de d\u00e9forestation rapport\u00e9s dans le FRA de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2000 et plus tard, et confirme \u00e9galement les gains consid\u00e9rables en couvertures foresti\u00e8res dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions. Les r\u00e9sultats finaux sont susceptibles de changer notre fa\u00e7on de voir les dynamiques de l’utilisation des terres ainsi que leurs tendances inh\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n

La prochaine question \u00e0 se poser est pourquoi le chiffre de la d\u00e9forestation a-t-il \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi comme indicateur des tendances foresti\u00e8res \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter au grand public ? Ceci n’est pas un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne nouveau. Lorsque les indicateurs pour les Objectifs du Mill\u00e9naire pour le D\u00e9veloppement (OMD) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s plus de 10 ans auparavant, ce fut l’indicateur de choix (pour \u00eatre bien clair, l’indicateur est le changement net de superficie et non la d\u00e9forestation). Non seulement il y avait une r\u00e9sonance politique, mais il avait aussi un jeu de donn\u00e9es avec disponibilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es de chaque pays (ce qui est un crit\u00e8re des OMD pour rapporter les indicateurs<\/a>). Cela signifiait \u00e9galement que les questions foresti\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fermement plac\u00e9es sous l’objectif environnement (OMD-7) et sont seulement visibles dans cette rubrique. Des premiers rapports (par exemple Zon 1910<\/a>) jusqu\u2019aux d\u00e9lib\u00e9rations de la REDD+ aujourd’hui, l’\u00e9volution des surfaces foresti\u00e8res a \u00e9t\u00e9 le concept qui est rest\u00e9 celui des gens de l’int\u00e9rieur et de l’ext\u00e9rieur de la communaut\u00e9 des sp\u00e9cialistes en foresterie. Il est alors ironique que le chiffre parle plus des \u00e9volutions de l’agriculture que de la foresterie. Le changement de la superficie foresti\u00e8re ne semble pas \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement bien corr\u00e9l\u00e9 avec les contributions de la foresterie au d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/p>\n

Dans un blog \u00e0 venir, je vais sugg\u00e9rer une nouvelle fa\u00e7on de chronom\u00e9trer les for\u00eats du monde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quand j’ai d\u00e9but\u00e9 mon travail au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) le mois dernier, j’ai remarqu\u00e9 l’horloge appel\u00e9e World Deforestation Clock, la montre de la d\u00e9forestation mondiale, sur la page web du CIFOR qui indique aux lecteurs \u00ab le nombre d’hectares de for\u00eat qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perdus depuis votre arriv\u00e9e sur cette page \u00bb. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[161],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2965],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-11355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-deforestation","language-francais","type-francais-chronique-du-dg"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9termination de la d\u00e9forestation et d\u00e9forestation comme le facteur d\u00e9terminant - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/11355\/determination-de-la-deforestation-et-deforestation-comme-le-facteur-determinant\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9termination de la d\u00e9forestation et d\u00e9forestation comme le facteur d\u00e9terminant\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Quand j’ai d\u00e9but\u00e9 mon travail au Centre de Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Internationale (CIFOR) le mois dernier, j’ai remarqu\u00e9 l’horloge appel\u00e9e World Deforestation Clock, la montre de la d\u00e9forestation mondiale, sur la page web du CIFOR qui indique aux lecteurs \u00ab le nombre d’hectares de for\u00eat qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 perdus depuis votre arriv\u00e9e sur cette page \u00bb. 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