{"id":1078,"date":"2007-06-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-06-23T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/?p=1078"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:40:10","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:40:10","slug":"promesses-des-produits-forestiers-non-ligneux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/1078\/promesses-des-produits-forestiers-non-ligneux","title":{"rendered":"Promesses des produits forestiers non ligneux\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Depuis lors que les environnementalistes firent des gemmeurs de caoutchouc les sauveurs de la for\u00eat dense amazonienne dans les ann\u00e9es 80, faire de l\u2019argent \u00e0 partir des produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL) est acclam\u00e9 comme la solution \u00ab gagnant-gagnant \u00bb permettant aux communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res d\u2019assurer un revenu tout en conservant la for\u00eat. H\u00e9las, deux \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes montrent que la r\u00e9alisation de ces \u00ab gains \u00bb n\u2019est pas aussi simple qu\u2019il n\u2019y parait.<\/p>\n

Des recherches pilot\u00e9es par le CIFOR ont permis l\u2019analyse de 55 cas de commercialisation de PFNL en Afrique, Asie et Am\u00e9rique latine. Dans \u00ab Balancing Development and Conservation<\/i> \u00bb, publi\u00e9 par Ecology and Society, Koen Kusters et ses coll\u00e8gues concluent que : plus les PFNL sont exploit\u00e9s pour subvenir aux besoins des populations, moins cela contribue r\u00e9ellement \u00e0 une conservation des for\u00eats. Au niveau sp\u00e9cifique, l\u2019extraction des produits \u00ab sauvages \u00bb tend g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 leur extinction ou leur extirpation. D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, la production de PFNL a un impact positif au niveau du paysage en offrant une alternative plus \u00ab \u00e9cologique \u00bb \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture ou autres utilisations des terres.<\/p>\n

Une autre \u00e9tude examine les exp\u00e9riences de 18 cas de commercialisation des PFNL en Bolivie et au Mexique. Dans \u00ab Commercialization of Non-Timber Forest Products<\/i> \u00bb, Elaine Marshall et ses coll\u00e8gues rapportent que les PFNL sont essentiels au bien-\u00eatre des populations rurales pauvres. Les PFNL fournissent entre 7 et 95% du revenu mon\u00e9taire annuel des foyers \u00e9tudi\u00e9s et constituent une bou\u00e9e de sauvetage quand les autres sources de revenus se tarissent. Les auteurs analysent les fili\u00e8res de PFNL et la fa\u00e7on dont les producteurs (pauvres), les transformateurs et les revendeurs peuvent accroitre leurs parts des profits. Contredisant le st\u00e9r\u00e9otype n\u00e9gatif de l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire, l\u2019\u00e9tude montre que ceux-ci jouent un r\u00f4le critique en aidant les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 avoir acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s et \u00e0 des appuis financiers.<\/p>\n

Marshall et ses co-auteurs insistent sur la difficult\u00e9 m\u00eame de d\u00e9finir un \u00ab succ\u00e8s \u00bb en mati\u00e8re de commercialisation de PFNL. De tels projets r\u00e9pondent souvent \u00e0 des objectifs multiples, incluant conservation et d\u00e9veloppement, le long de fili\u00e8res complexes impliquant des acteurs nombreux \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux. Les cas d\u2019\u00e9tude illustrent les compromis n\u00e9cessaires entre objectifs, acteurs et niveaux ; ce qui apparait un succ\u00e8s d\u2019un point de vue ne l\u2019est plus n\u00e9cessairement d\u2019un autre. Les auteurs, bien logiquement, insistent sur l\u2019importance d\u2019une prise en compte globale avec les parties prenantes pour identifier des crit\u00e8res de succ\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

Sur la base de deux \u00e9tudes, Brian Belcher et Kathrin Schreckenberg \u00e9valuent les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la promotion de la commercialisation des PFNL. Dans leur article \u00ab Commercialization of Non-timber Forest Products : A Reality Check \u00bb publi\u00e9 par Development Policy Review, ils avertissent que cette commercialisation peut avoir des impacts n\u00e9gatifs sur les pauvres car leurs foyers sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9s pour la comp\u00e9tition avec les \u00e9lites locales dans la capture des opportunit\u00e9s nouvelles de revenus. Afin d\u2019accroitre les chances de succ\u00e8s, des r\u00e9formes de l\u2019environnement l\u00e9gislatif et r\u00e9glementaire autour des PFNL est aussi important que le soutien direct aux communaut\u00e9s locales ; les r\u00e9gulations d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour l\u2019exploitation et le commerce du bois sont trop souvent appliqu\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on inappropri\u00e9e aux PFNL. Ces interventions dans la sph\u00e8re r\u00e9glementaire peuvent aussi permettre de r\u00e9duire les contraintes au d\u00e9veloppement des petites entreprises en permettant, par exemple, un acc\u00e8s au cr\u00e9dit.<\/p>\n

La commercialisation des PFNL s\u2019est donc av\u00e9r\u00e9 un v\u00e9hicule peu fiable dans la r\u00e9solution des tensions entre conservation et d\u00e9veloppement et il n\u2019existe pas une voie royale de succ\u00e8s. Ces \u00e9tudes proposent tout de m\u00eame quelques pistes et itin\u00e9raires pour atteindre notre destination et naviguer entre les obstacles, d\u00e9tours et raccourcis que nous pourrions rencontrer le long du chemin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si vous souhaitez une copie gratuite des papiers de Kusters et al. ou de Belcher et al., vous pouvez les demander \u00e0 Titin Suhartini (t.suhartini@cgiar.org<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Kusters et al. est aussi disponible \u00e0 http:\/\/www.ecologyandsociety.org\/vol11\/iss2\/art20\/ <\/a><\/p>\n

Le rapport de Marshall et al. est disponible (avec d\u2019autres r\u00e9sultats) \u00e0 http:\/\/www.unep-wcmc.org\/forest\/ntfp\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-1078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPromesses des produits forestiers non ligneux\u2026 - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/1078\/promesses-des-produits-forestiers-non-ligneux\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Promesses des produits forestiers non ligneux\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si vous souhaitez une copie gratuite des papiers de Kusters et al. ou de Belcher et al., vous pouvez les demander \u00e0 Titin Suhartini (t.suhartini@cgiar.org). 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