{"id":1057,"date":"2005-09-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2005-09-14T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/?p=1057"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:40:30","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:40:30","slug":"jouer-avec-le-feu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/1057\/jouer-avec-le-feu","title":{"rendered":"Jouer avec le feu\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les r\u00e9centes inondations \u00e0 la Nouvelle Orl\u00e9ans et les grands feux de for\u00eat ont beaucoup de points communs. Quelque soit le nombre de fois que les sp\u00e9cialistes disent aux gouvernements "il faut agir avant la catastrophe", personne ne les \u00e9coute r\u00e9ellement avant d\u2019\u00eatre noy\u00e9 sous des eaux pollu\u00e9es ou asphyxi\u00e9 par des fum\u00e9es acides.<\/p>\n

Les feux catastrophiques de 1997\/98 en Indon\u00e9sie ont d\u00e9vast\u00e9 une superficie plus grande que le Royaume Uni, causant des milliers de morts et des milliards de dollars de dommages et \u00e9mettant d\u2019\u00e9normes quantit\u00e9s de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Une kyrielle de mesures d\u2019urgences et de projets s\u2019ensuivit mais les feux \u00e9teints, bailleurs de fond et politiques perdirent tr\u00e8s vite leur int\u00e9r\u00eat pour le sujet. Dans le m\u00eame temps les probl\u00e8mes sous-jacents n\u2019avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solus et la plupart des analystes pensent que lors de la prochaine s\u00e9cheresse induite par El Ni\u00f1o, les feux pourraient \u00eatre pires que ceux de 97\/98.<\/p>\n

Pour pr\u00e9venir de tels feux, il faut d\u2019accord en comprendre la cause. \u00ab Fire, People, and Pixels: Linking Social Science and Remote Sensing to Understanding Underlying Causes and Impacts of Fires in Indonesia \u00bb par Ronna Dennis et ses coll\u00e8gues nous offre un excellent point de vue sur le sujet. Cet article dans la revue Human Ecology est bas\u00e9 sur une analyse pouss\u00e9e des causes des feux pour huit sites dans le sud de Sumatra et l\u2019est et l\u2019ouest du Kalimantan. L\u2019\u00e9tude combine imagerie satellitale, donn\u00e9es de \u00ab hot spots \u00bb, entretiens avec des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, des villageois et des officiels afin de comprendre les raisons de l\u2019utilisation du feu dans chacun des sites.<\/p>\n

Les auteurs constatent que les causes des feux varient fortement d\u2019un site \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Les grandes soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de plantation et les petits paysans utilisent le feu pour d\u00e9fricher leurs terres et comme une arme l\u2019un contre l\u2019autre dans les zones de disputes. Les compagnies d\u00e9frichent pour le palmier \u00e0 huile ou les plantations de bois d\u2019industrie. Les petits paysans d\u00e9frichent pour leurs cultures annuelles, le caf\u00e9 ou l\u2019h\u00e9v\u00e9a. Les villageois br\u00fblent aussi souvent le sous-bois pour acc\u00e9der plus facilement aux zones de p\u00eache ou de chasse. Un bon nombre de tous ces feux \u00e9chappent accidentellement au contr\u00f4le et ravagent des zones qui n\u2019\u00e9taient pas sens\u00e9es \u00eatre br\u00fbl\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

De nombreux facteurs encouragent l\u2019utilisation du feu. Les agences gouvernementales allouent la m\u00eame terre \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents groupes et ne reconnaissent pas les droits des villageois. Les gens ont peu de raisons de contr\u00f4ler leurs feux et d\u2019\u00e9viter de d\u00e9grader des zones alentour. Le br\u00fblis reste la m\u00e9thode de d\u00e9frichement la moins ch\u00e8re et les compagnies qui voudraient explorer d\u2019autres options ne sont gu\u00e8re soutenues. L\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re qui provoque une accumulation de d\u00e9bris et rend les for\u00eats plus s\u00e8ches par l\u2019ouverture du couvert augmente leur sensibilit\u00e9 aux incendies. Le drainage des tourbes pour y faire des plantations rend celles-ci plus inflammables. Le gouvernement a de faibles capacit\u00e9s de r\u00e9gulation ou de formation en mati\u00e8re de feux.<\/p>\n

Ces probl\u00e8mes demandent un changement majeur dans la tenure fonci\u00e8re et la mise en place de politiques fonci\u00e8res et agricoles localement adapt\u00e9es. C\u2019est pour cela qu\u2019il est plus facile aux politiques de ne surtout pas bouger. Comme cela, pas de vagues et tout va bien\u2026 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la catastrophe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pour obtenir une copie \u00e9lectronique gratuite d\u2019une version pr\u00e9liminaire du papier ou format PDF ou Word vous pouvez \u00e9crire \u00e0 Rosita Go (Rgo@cgiar.org<\/a>). N\u2019oubliez pas de lui pr\u00e9ciser le format. Le fichier PDF p\u00e8se environ 1Mb, le fichier Word est moins lourd mais ne contient pas toutes les cartes et figures.<\/p>\n

Vous pouvez aussi acheter un tir\u00e9-\u00e0-part de l\u2019article chez Springer \u00e0 : http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s10745-005-5156-z<\/p>\n

Pour envoyer vos commentaires ou questions aux auteurs, vous pouvez \u00e9crire \u00e0 Ronna Dennis (<\/p>\n

rdennis@hn.ozemail.com.au<\/a>) ou Judith Mayer (jmayer@humboldt1.com<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences compl\u00e8tes de l\u2019article sont : Dennis, R.A., J. Mayer, G. Applegate, U. Chokkalingam, C.J.P. Colfer, I. Kurniawan, H. Lachowski, P. Maus, R.P. Permana, Y. Ruchiat, F. Stolle, Suyanto, T.P. Tomich. 2005. \u2019Fire, People, and Pixels: Linking Social Science and Remote Sensing to Understanding Underlying Causes and Impacts of Fires in Indonesia\u2019, Human Ecology, 33 (4): 465-504.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2170],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[2999],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-1057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forests-news","language-francais","type-francais-analyses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJouer avec le feu\u2026 - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/fr\/1057\/jouer-avec-le-feu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jouer avec le feu\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pour obtenir une copie \u00e9lectronique gratuite d\u2019une version pr\u00e9liminaire du papier ou format PDF ou Word vous pouvez \u00e9crire \u00e0 Rosita Go (Rgo@cgiar.org). 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