{"id":82987,"date":"2023-06-09T02:59:13","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T19:59:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=82987"},"modified":"2023-12-06T22:26:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T15:26:21","slug":"por-que-los-arboles-en-las-fincas-benefician-a-las-personas-y-a-la-naturaleza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/82987\/por-que-los-arboles-en-las-fincas-benefician-a-las-personas-y-a-la-naturaleza","title":{"rendered":"Por qu\u00e9 los \u00e1rboles en las fincas benefician a las personas y a la naturaleza"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hoy en d\u00eda producimos m\u00e1s alimentos que nunca antes en la historia y, sin embargo, la malnutrici\u00f3n sigue siendo la principal causa<\/a> de una salud precaria en el mundo, un problema que no ha hecho sino agravarse con la reciente pandemia de COVID-19.<\/p>\n

Aunque los avances tecnol\u00f3gicos en la agricultura industrial han reducido el hambre en el mundo en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, el aumento de la producci\u00f3n de alimentos no se ha traducido necesariamente en dietas m\u00e1s sanas. De hecho, la expansi\u00f3n agr\u00edcola ha aumentado la dependencia mundial del ma\u00edz, el arroz y el trigo, que son ricos en calor\u00edas, pero relativamente bajos en micronutrientes. Aunque el ser humano puede alimentarse de unas 7000 plantas diferentes, estos tres cultivos b\u00e1sicos representan el 50 % de la ingesta de alimentos de origen vegetal<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Los peque\u00f1os agricultores de los pa\u00edses de renta baja y media producen gran parte de los alimentos del mundo<\/a>, pero sus hogares sufren de forma desproporcionada de dietas deficientes. Las pol\u00edticas de seguridad alimentaria y nutrici\u00f3n en estas regiones suelen centrarse en aumentar la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola, ya sea mediante la intensificaci\u00f3n de los sistemas de producci\u00f3n existentes<\/a> o la expansi\u00f3n de las tierras de cultivo<\/a> a expensas de los bosques y otros ecosistemas biodiversos.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, los alimentos silvestres de los bosques y barbechos pueden ser una importante fuente de micronutrientes para los peque\u00f1os agricultores de estas regiones.<\/p>\n

Aunque dista mucho de ser una nueva tecnolog\u00eda agraria, los investigadores y los responsables pol\u00edticos consideran cada vez m\u00e1s la integraci\u00f3n de \u00e1rboles en los sistemas agr\u00edcolas y en torno a ellos como una posible soluci\u00f3n \u201cbeneficiosa para todos\u201d<\/a> para favorecer la calidad de las dieta<\/a>s y el entorno natural.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPara leer:<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tLa agroecolog\u00eda: una oportunidad para abordar la crisis alimentaria y del clima<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

La relaci\u00f3n entre los sistemas agr\u00edcolas basados en los \u00e1rboles y los resultados ecol\u00f3gicos positivos est\u00e1 bien documentada: los \u00e1rboles en los cultivos o alrededor de ellos pueden mejorar la salud del suelo, regular los microclimas, aumentar el secuestro de carbono y mejorar la biodiversidad<\/a> a m\u00faltiples escalas. Sin embargo, a\u00fan no se conocen tan bien los efectos de estos sistemas en la dieta de la poblaci\u00f3n rural.<\/p>\n

Para contribuir a este campo en desarrollo, un equipo de investigadores de la Universidad de Copenhague<\/a> y del Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional y el Centro Internacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Agroforestal (CIFOR-ICRAF) revis\u00f3 documentos<\/a> que eval\u00faan la calidad de la dieta de poblaciones que practican la agricultura basada en \u00e1rboles en pa\u00edses de ingresos bajos y medios.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores identificaron 36 trabajos que, en conjunto, ponen de relieve tres v\u00edas distintas a trav\u00e9s de las cuales los \u00e1rboles en los cultivos agr\u00edcolas o en sus alrededores apoyan la dieta de la poblaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Proporcionan productos comestibles como frutas, frutos secos y hojas \u2013el v\u00ednculo m\u00e1s directo.<\/li>\n
  2. Proporcionan productos comercializables, con los que la gente puede utilizar el dinero para comprar alimentos \u2013el v\u00ednculo indirecto con los ingresos.<\/li>\n
  3. Mejoran la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola de otros cultivos a trav\u00e9s de los servicios ecosist\u00e9micos (por ejemplo, aumento de la polinizaci\u00f3n, regulaci\u00f3n del microclima), donde la gente consume o vende la cosecha adicional \u2013el v\u00ednculo agroecol\u00f3gico indirecto.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    En conjunto, la mayor\u00eda de los estudios revisados indican asociaciones positivas entre los sistemas agr\u00edcolas basados en \u00e1rboles, los ingresos de los hogares y la mejora de la calidad de la dieta. Sin embargo, los beneficios relativos para los ingresos y la calidad de la dieta dependen del tipo de sistema de cultivo basado en \u00e1rboles que se aplique: (a) huertos dom\u00e9sticos\/\u00e1rboles en explotaciones agr\u00edcolas; (b) sistemas de agricultura itinerante; (c) cultivos madereros\/plantaciones de \u00e1rboles o (d) agricultura en linderos forestales.<\/p>\n

    En general, los estudios muestran que mantener la diversidad forestal dentro de los sistemas de cultivo puede proporcionar a los hogares m\u00e1s medios para diversificar sus dietas con alimentos procedentes de la granja y del mercado. Adem\u00e1s, preservar la biodiversidad dentro y alrededor de los sistemas de cultivo basado en los \u00e1rboles tambi\u00e9n puede aumentar la disponibilidad de alimentos ricos en micronutrientes en la naturaleza. Por \u00faltimo, el cultivo de m\u00faltiples especies arb\u00f3reas puede servir como importante red de seguridad para los hogares ante condiciones clim\u00e1ticas o econ\u00f3micas inciertas, mejorando el acceso a alimentos nutritivos durante todo el a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPublicaci\u00f3n (en ingl\u00e9s):<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tWhat are the links between tree-based farming and dietary quality for rural households? A review of emerging evidence in low- and middle-income countries<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

    Los tipos de especies y la disposici\u00f3n de los \u00e1rboles dentro de los distintos sistemas agr\u00edcolas podr\u00edan ser otro factor importante que afecte a los beneficios para la dieta. Sin embargo, a partir del escaso n\u00famero de estudios publicados hasta la fecha, no ha sido posible identificar qu\u00e9 tipos de configuraciones de sistemas agr\u00edcolas basados en \u00e1rboles son los mejores para mejorar la calidad de las dietas.<\/p>\n

    Un primer paso para mejorar las comparaciones emp\u00edricas entre contextos culturales y geogr\u00e1ficos dispares podr\u00eda consistir en seguir desarrollando clasificaciones de los sistemas de cultivo basados en los \u00e1rboles, teniendo en cuenta los alimentos (es decir, huertos dom\u00e9sticos o \u00e1rboles en los cultivos agr\u00edcolas, cultivos itinerantes, cultivos madereros o plantaciones de \u00e1rboles y cultivos en los linderos de los bosques).<\/p>\n

    La medida en que cualquier sistema de cultivo basado en \u00e1rboles puede influir en las dietas depende tambi\u00e9n de factores externos al propio sistema de cultivo. Las pol\u00edticas e instituciones a escala nacional, los aspectos bioclim\u00e1ticos y geogr\u00e1ficos a escala de paisaje, as\u00ed como los aspectos socioecon\u00f3micos tanto a escala de paisaje como de hogar, como el acceso al mercado, la educaci\u00f3n y\/o las din\u00e1micas de poder basadas en el g\u00e9nero, desempe\u00f1an un papel importante a la hora de determinar c\u00f3mo afecta la agricultura basada en \u00e1rboles a la dieta de los hogares. Estas diversas influencias son dif\u00edciles de separar y a\u00fan no se han investigado a fondo.<\/p>\n

    Aunque en general se encuentra una asociaci\u00f3n positiva, la s\u00edntesis destaca la complejidad de establecer v\u00ednculos entre los \u00e1rboles, los sistemas agr\u00edcolas y la calidad de las dietas.<\/p>\n

    Mejorar la visibilidad y la comprensi\u00f3n del papel que desempe\u00f1an los \u00e1rboles en la promoci\u00f3n de dietas ecol\u00f3gicamente m\u00e1s sostenibles y nutritivas es clave para dise\u00f1ar paisajes m\u00e1s sostenibles para las personas y el planeta.<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tTambi\u00e9n lea:<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tEl potencial de los sistemas agroforestales frente a los monocultivos y para el carbono<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

    Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre este tema, p\u00f3ngase en contacto con Kai Mausch en k.mausch@cgiar.org.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Hoy en d\u00eda producimos m\u00e1s alimentos que nunca antes en la historia y, sin embargo, la malnutrici\u00f3n sigue siendo la principal causa de una salud precaria en el mundo, un problema que no ha hecho sino agravarse con la reciente pandemia de COVID-19. Aunque los avances tecnol\u00f3gicos en la agricultura industrial han reducido el hambre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":82994,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188,6090],"tags":[],"language":[2169],"location":[12216],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[5670,11304,7843,11077,11295,8950],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[6140],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[10938,10939,697,10940,10941,10943],"class_list":["post-82987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-and-diets","category-forests-news","language-espanol","location-global","tag-espanol-agroforesteria","tag-espanol-arboles-en-chacras","tag-espanol-bosques-y-dietas","tag-espanol-nutricion","tag-espanol-sistemas-agricolas","tag-espanol-sistemas-agroforestales","type-espanol-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPor qu\u00e9 los \u00e1rboles en las fincas benefician a las personas y a la naturaleza - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/82987\/por-que-los-arboles-en-las-fincas-benefician-a-las-personas-y-a-la-naturaleza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Por qu\u00e9 los \u00e1rboles en las fincas benefician a las personas y a la naturaleza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hoy en d\u00eda producimos m\u00e1s alimentos que nunca antes en la historia y, sin embargo, la malnutrici\u00f3n sigue siendo la principal causa de una salud precaria en el mundo, un problema que no ha hecho sino agravarse con la reciente pandemia de COVID-19. 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