{"id":8013,"date":"2012-03-16T13:53:19","date_gmt":"2012-03-16T13:53:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=8013"},"modified":"2015-07-07T14:27:23","modified_gmt":"2015-07-07T07:27:23","slug":"la-reforma-de-la-ley-forestal-en-brasil-derrota-o-discernimiento","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/8013\/la-reforma-de-la-ley-forestal-en-brasil-derrota-o-discernimiento","title":{"rendered":"La reforma de la ley forestal en Brasil: \u00bferror o acierto?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Se ha exhortado a la Presidenta de Brasil, Dilma Rousseff, a vetar las \u00faltimas reformas al C\u00f3digo Forestal, las cuales pueden significar una amenaza para la cobertura forestal del pa\u00eds. Marcos Rodrigues\/ASN<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

LIMA, Per\u00fa (26 de abril de 2012) _S\u00f3lo dos meses antes de que los l\u00edderes del mundo se re\u00fanan en Rio de Janeiro para conmemorar el vig\u00e9simo aniversario de la Cumbre de la Tierra, la ley forestal de Brasil est\u00e1 a punto de ser modificada una vez m\u00e1s y, seg\u00fan los conservacionistas, no a favor de los bosques.<\/p>\n

Las reformas propuestas al C\u00f3digo Forestal de Brasil, debatidas intermitentemente durante dos a\u00f1os, dar\u00edan amnist\u00eda a los agricultores que hayan estado involucrados en actividades ilegales de deforestaci\u00f3n antes de julio de 2008 y reducen el \u00e1rea de bosque que los propietarios deben reservar, favoreciendo as\u00ed la expansi\u00f3n agr\u00edcola. Se trata, por lo tanto, de una reforma que podr\u00eda representar un duro golpe a los recientes \u00e9xitos del pa\u00eds en su pol\u00edtica de combate a la deforestaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Esto sucede a pesar de que en 2009, durante la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio clim\u00e1tico celebrada en Copenhague, Brasil hab\u00eda anunciado su plan de reducir la deforestaci\u00f3n amaz\u00f3nica en un 80 por ciento. Los principales componentes del plan eran los siguientes: (1) una aplicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s severa de la ley forestal y (2) un programa nacional de pagos por servicios ambientales para compensar a los usuarios de tierra por evitar la deforestaci\u00f3n. Un estudio reciente de CIFOR <\/a>destaca la importancia de la aplicaci\u00f3n de la ley forestal para alcanzar la meta de reducci\u00f3n del 80 por ciento de una manera rentable y equitativa.<\/p>\n

\u201cEn un lugar donde la deforestaci\u00f3n ilegal a gran escala ha sido tolerada durante d\u00e9cadas, no es pol\u00edticamente atractivo compensar plenamente a los usuarios de tierra por simplemente respetar la ley\u201d, dijo Jan B\u00f6rner, investigador del programa Bosques y Medios de Vida de CIFOR y autor del estudio REDD sticks and carrots in the Brazilian Amazon: Assessing costs and livelihood implications<\/a><\/ins> (Incentivos y desincentivos de REDD en la Amazonia brasilera: Evaluando costos e impactos sobre los medios de vida<\/em>)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

REDD es el acr\u00f3nimo de Reducci\u00f3n de Emisiones de la Deforestaci\u00f3n y Degradaci\u00f3n de los Bosques, un mecanismo emergente en el marco de la Convenci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Clim\u00e1tico. En su estudio, B\u00f6rner y sus coautores destacan la necesidad de encontrar una combinaci\u00f3n justa desde el punto de vista social entre la compensaci\u00f3n y la aplicaci\u00f3n las leyes de conservaci\u00f3n, y muestran que una aplicaci\u00f3n efectiva de la ley es fundamental para mantener el costo de implementar REDD en Brasil dentro un rango manejable.<\/p>\n

En l\u00ednea con investigaci\u00f3n llevada a cabo por CIFOR anteriormente<\/a>, los autores identifican una deficiente definici\u00f3n y delimitaci\u00f3n espacial del uso de los bosques y de los derechos de propiedad en la Amazonia como uno de los factores que reduce la efectividad de cualquier estrategia de conservaci\u00f3n en Brasil. Por lo tanto, es posible que un cambio en las reglas de juego tenga poco impacto a menos de que la infraestructura legal e institucional para ponerlas en pr\u00e1ctica est\u00e9 completamente operativa.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, la inminente reforma de la ley forestal, env\u00eda una se\u00f1al clara a los usuarios de tierra que ten\u00edan razones para temer que se los haga responsables de las operaciones ilegales del pasado. Por ello y con toda raz\u00f3n, bajar los est\u00e1ndares en t\u00e9rminos de los objetivos de conservaci\u00f3n podr\u00eda ser interpretado como un incentivo para deforestar m\u00e1s. No obstante, una meta de conservaci\u00f3n menos ambiciosa en el plano legal podr\u00eda darles a las autoridades el apoyo moral y pol\u00edtico suficiente como para tomar en cuenta la aplicaci\u00f3n de la ley de forma m\u00e1s seria.<\/p>\n

Las recientes y cuantificables mejoras en la aplicaci\u00f3n de la ley forestal sugieren que la voluntad pol\u00edtica para hacerlo est\u00e1 all\u00ed.<\/p>\n

De ser aprobada, s\u00f3lo el tiempo nos podr\u00e1 decir si la reforma de la ley forestal fue una jugada inteligente por parte de la administraci\u00f3n ambiental de Brasil, o simplemente el resultado de una lucha desigual de poder entre conservacionistas e intereses agrocomerciales.<\/p>\n

Para asegurarnos de que Rio+20 env\u00ede un mensaje al mundo sobre la importancia de los bosques para el desarrollo sustentable, CIFOR coordinar\u00e1 una de las conferencias m\u00e1s importantes sobre bosques el 19 de Junio de 2012. La Octava Mesa Redonda en R\u00edo+20<\/a> debatir\u00e1 nuevos resultados de investigaciones, las lagunas en el conocimiento, y las consecuencias en las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas de la integraci\u00f3n de los bosques en la soluci\u00f3n de los cuatro retos clave para avanzar hacia una econom\u00eda verde: Energ\u00eda, alimentos e ingresos, agua, y clima. El cupo es limitado, reg\u00edstrate aqu\u00ed<\/a> para que no te quedes sin participar.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LIMA, Per\u00fa (26 de abril de 2012) _S\u00f3lo dos meses antes de que los l\u00edderes del mundo se re\u00fanan en Rio de Janeiro para conmemorar el vig\u00e9simo aniversario de la Cumbre de la Tierra, la ley forestal de Brasil est\u00e1 a punto de ser modificada una vez m\u00e1s y, seg\u00fan los conservacionistas, no a favor […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[161,188,151],"tags":[376,377,378,379],"language":[2169],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[230],"class_list":["post-8013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-deforestation","category-food-and-diets","category-redd-2","tag-agricultura","tag-brasil","tag-ley-forestal","tag-tenencia-de-la-tierra","language-espanol"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa reforma de la ley forestal en Brasil: \u00bferror o acierto? 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