{"id":65763,"date":"2020-06-09T11:10:42","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T04:10:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=65763"},"modified":"2020-06-09T11:10:42","modified_gmt":"2020-06-09T04:10:42","slug":"los-siete-grandes-factores-que-aumentan-el-riesgo-de-pandemias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/65763\/los-siete-grandes-factores-que-aumentan-el-riesgo-de-pandemias","title":{"rendered":"Los siete grandes factores que aumentan el riesgo de pandemias"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Comprender los v\u00ednculos entre la salud de las personas, el medioambiente y los animales salvajes y dom\u00e9sticos, y abordarlos de forma conjunta, es vital para reducir el riesgo de pandemias por infecciones zoon\u00f3ticas como el COVID-19, seg\u00fan indicaron expertos en la conferencia digital <a href=\"https:\/\/nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fevents.globallandscapesforum.org%2Fbonn-2020%2F&amp;data=02%7C01%7C%7C52459d99630540e3c9dd08d80956270f%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637269612918815960&amp;sdata=LRwwoPwZmuADuxA5%2F3gi8vdStHXMYzIVLCBXuLOdSRo%3D&amp;reserved=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Global Landscapes Forum (GLF) Bonn 2020<\/a> desarrollada del 3 a 5 de junio.<\/p>\n<p>La sesi\u00f3n sobre \u2018Una Salud\u2019 (\u2018One Health\u2019) reuni\u00f3 a ec\u00f3logos, veterinarios y gestores de salud p\u00fablica para arrojar luz sobre el origen de las zoonosis \u2013enfermedades transmitidas de animales a personas\u2014 y las medidas que urge adoptar para reducir el riesgo de futuros brotes infecciosos como los del \u00c9bola, SARS, MERS y COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLas actividades humanas est\u00e1n detr\u00e1s de la mayor\u00eda de nuevas zoonosis\u201d, indic\u00f3 Doreen Robinson, responsable de Vida Salvaje de ONU Medio Ambiente (PNUMA) y una de las coautoras de un informe, elaborado junto con el Instituto Internacional de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre Ganado (ILRI), que ser\u00e1 publicado en julio.<\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan adelantaron, el estudio identifica los siete grandes factores que aumentan el riesgo de pandemias: 1. la intensificaci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola, 2. los cambios en las cadenas de suministro de alimentos, 3. la explotaci\u00f3n de la vida salvaje, 4. los cambios en los usos del suelo acompa\u00f1ados por la destrucci\u00f3n de h\u00e1bitats naturales y la incursi\u00f3n en estos espacios, 5. las industrias extractivas no sostenibles, 6. el aumento de los viajes y el transporte, y 7. la aceleraci\u00f3n del cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSi abordamos estas causas, que en su mayor\u00eda tienen que ver con la protecci\u00f3n del medioambiente, tambi\u00e9n mejoraremos el bienestar de las personas\u201d, afirm\u00f3 Robinson, quien tambi\u00e9n hizo un llamado a repensar de forma profunda los sistemas de producci\u00f3n de alimentos a nivel mundial, un mensaje constante de los expertos oradores que participan en el GLF Bonn 2020.<\/p>\n<div class='short-link'>\n\t\t\t<a class='GTMshortLink' href='https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/65714\/la-oportunidad-que-trae-la-pandemia-transformar-los-sistemas-de-produccion-de-alimentos-y-la-relacion-con-el-planeta?fnl=es' target='_blank'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='short-link__box'><span>Tambi\u00e9n lea:<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='short-link__desc'>La oportunidad que trae la pandemia: transformar los sistemas de producci\u00f3n de alimentos y la relaci\u00f3n con el planeta<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Para la investigadora en Salud Animal y Humana de ILRI Delia Grace, \u201clos actuales sistemas de producci\u00f3n de alimentos generan comida, s\u00ed, pero no est\u00e1n manejando bien las externalidades negativas, incluyendo las zoonosis, enfermedades no transmisibles como diabetes y obesidad, as\u00ed como cuestiones ambientales y de bienestar animal\u201d. Los animales dom\u00e9sticos constituyen 60 % de la biomasa animal del planeta, mientras que las personas suponen un 36 % y los animales salvajes s\u00f3lo un 4 %, indic\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLos animales dom\u00e9sticos juegan un papel importante como reservorios y amplificadores de pat\u00f3genos\u201d, apunt\u00f3 Grace. Los sistemas de producci\u00f3n intensiva pueden facilitar la expansi\u00f3n de enfermedades infecciosas, sobre todo cuando los animales est\u00e1n estabulados a altas densidades y tienen poca diversidad gen\u00e9tica, lo que los hace m\u00e1s vulnerables.<\/p>\n<p>El campo de \u2018Una Salud\u2019 ha estado tradicionalmente dominado por los sectores m\u00e9dico y veterinario, pero los expertos coinciden en la importancia de incorporar a los ec\u00f3logos para dar cuenta del papel que desempe\u00f1an tambi\u00e9n los animales salvajes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNecesitamos comprender los procesos ecol\u00f3gicos que subyacen las enfermedades\u201d, afirm\u00f3 Johannes Refisch, responsable del programa Great Apes Survival Partnership <em>(Sociedad de Supervivencia de Grandes Simios<\/em>). \u201cPor ejemplo, necesitamos entender la ecolog\u00eda de las especies que act\u00faan de reservorios y de vectores, y realizar muchos m\u00e1s estudios en entornos intactos para comprender los v\u00ednculos entre la alteraci\u00f3n de h\u00e1bitats naturales y las emergencias de zoonosis\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>El subdirector general de investigaci\u00f3n y desarrollo de ILRI, Iain Wright, que ha abogado por incluir las ciencias sociales al enfoque de \u2018Una Salud\u2019, inst\u00f3 a crear mejores sistemas de vigilancia. \u201cTenemos que coordinar los sistemas de vigilancia de la salud humana, de animales dom\u00e9sticos y de especies salvajes, que ahora est\u00e1n desconectados, y tambi\u00e9n debemos coordinar las respuestas\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>La directora de la Divisi\u00f3n de Ecosistemas de PNUMA Susan Gardner destac\u00f3 la necesidad de reforzar las campa\u00f1as de informaci\u00f3n y educaci\u00f3n en todos los niveles, entre otros motivos, para que los ni\u00f1os est\u00e9n \u201calfabetizados\u201d en materia ambiental, los consumidores puedan hacer buenas elecciones en materia de alimentaci\u00f3n y los pa\u00edses establezcan pol\u00edticas con los incentivos adecuados para promover la salud humana, animal y ambiental.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDurante la respuesta al COVID-19 estamos viendo cambios de comportamiento a nivel mundial que nunca habr\u00edamos imaginado y ello infunde esperanza en nuestra capacidad de lidiar con las zoonosis, pues el comportamiento humano es el principal factor detr\u00e1s de su emergencia\u201d, ha concluido Gardner.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1s de 4000 asistentes digitales participaron del Global Landscapes Forum Bonn (GLF) 2020, considerada la conferencia sobre gesti\u00f3n integrada del suelo y los paisajes m\u00e1s grande del mundo.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>El GLF es liderado por CIFOR-ICRAF, en coordinaci\u00f3n con PNUMA y el Banco Mundial y gracias al apoyo financiero del Gobierno de Alemania.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class='short-link'>\n\t\t\t<a class='GTMshortLink' href='https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/65556\/covid-19-lecciones-de-la-pandemia-para-un-planeta-saludable?fnl=es' target='_blank'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='short-link__box'><span>Tambi\u00e9n lea:<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='short-link__desc'>COVID-19: Lecciones de la pandemia para un planeta saludable<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comprender los v\u00ednculos entre la salud de las personas, el medioambiente y los animales salvajes y dom\u00e9sticos, y abordarlos de forma conjunta, es vital para reducir el riesgo de pandemias por infecciones zoon\u00f3ticas como el COVID-19, seg\u00fan indicaron expertos en la conferencia digital Global Landscapes Forum (GLF) Bonn 2020 desarrollada del 3 a 5 de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":146,"featured_media":65778,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2169],"location":[12216],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[9735,3351,3355,9852,9838,9853,6128,9851],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[7178],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7459],"class_list":["post-65763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","category-landscapes","language-espanol","location-global","tag-espanol-covid-19","tag-espanol-deforestacion","tag-espanol-global-landscapes-forum","tag-espanol-ilri","tag-espanol-one-health","tag-espanol-programa-de-las-naciones-unidas-para-el-medioambiente","tag-espanol-programa-de-naciones-unidas-para-el-medio-ambiente-pnuma","tag-espanol-una-salud","type-espanol-cobertura-de-evento"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - 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