{"id":49592,"date":"2017-05-05T10:35:00","date_gmt":"2017-05-05T03:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=49592"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:03:29","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:03:29","slug":"panorama-global-indica-que-las-turberas-estan-en-peligro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/49592\/panorama-global-indica-que-las-turberas-estan-en-peligro","title":{"rendered":"Panorama global indica que las turberas est\u00e1n en peligro"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tome material vegetal en descomposici\u00f3n, agregue saturaci\u00f3n de agua y extraiga ox\u00edgeno. Mezcle durante miles de a\u00f1os y elija temperaturas heladas, moderadas o tropicales. El resultado se llama \u00abturberas\u00bb y probablemente tenga una apariencia h\u00fameda.<\/p>\n<p>Las turberas cubren alrededor del <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/46585\/cop22-special-why-should-we-care-about-peat?fnl=en&amp;utm_source=CIFOR+Website&amp;utm_medium=Section&amp;utm_campaign=Best+of+the+best+2016\">3-5%<\/a> de la superficie total de la Tierra y representan aproximadamente <a href=\"http:\/\/archive.wetlands.org\/Portals\/0\/publications\/Count%20Form\/Brochure\/WI_6luik%20Veengebieden_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">la mitad<\/a> de los humedales del mundo. Poseen una sorprendente variedad topogr\u00e1fica y se encuentran distribuidas en m\u00e1s de <a href=\"http:\/\/archive.wetlands.org\/Portals\/0\/publications\/Count%20Form\/Brochure\/WI_6luik%20Veengebieden_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">180<\/a> pa\u00edses, desde zonas de alta monta\u00f1a y selvas tropicales hasta las regiones sub\u00e1rticas.<\/p>\n<p>A pesar de la falta de una cartograf\u00eda mundial <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a-i4029e.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">homog\u00e9nea<\/a> y aceptada de las turberas, existe una gran cantidad de gr\u00e1ficos, como los del <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/global-wetlands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programa de Mitigaci\u00f3n y Adaptaci\u00f3n Sostenible de Humedales<\/a> del Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional (CIFOR) y <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lehigh.edu\/~ziy2\/pubs\/2010gl043584-txts01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">varios<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-00599518\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"> estudios acad\u00e9micos<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><strong>M\u00e1s comunes en lugares fr\u00edos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Las proporciones generales de la distribuci\u00f3n mundial son indiscutibles.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abSabemos que la gran mayor\u00eda de las turberas puede encontrarse en climas m\u00e1s fr\u00edos, en zonas templadas o boreales\u00bb, explica Sufyan Kurnianto, investigador doctoral asociado de CIFOR. \u00abLos estudios han demostrado que las regiones no tropicales cuentan con hasta el <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-00599518\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">90%<\/a> de las turberas del mundo\u00bb.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>En estados como Alaska y pa\u00edses como Canad\u00e1 y Rusia, la turba puede desarrollarse en diversos ambientes, incluso en el permafrost cercano al polo, un suelo que ha estado congelado durante al menos dos a\u00f1os. Se cree que solo Canad\u00e1 tiene alrededor de un tercio de las turberas del mundo, que abarcan un <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hww.ca\/en\/wild-spaces\/peatlands.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">14%<\/a> del territorio del pa\u00eds. Las turberas se extienden tambi\u00e9n por pa\u00edses como Irlanda y Escocia, en Europa occidental.<\/p>\n<p>Las turberas de esta zona se conocen com\u00fanmente como \u00abpantanos\u00bb o \u00abci\u00e9nagas\u00bb. Los pantanos son como cuencos pegajosos de turba que solo reciben agua de la lluvia o la nieve. Por lo general, se forman sobre capas de roca y tienen menos nutrientes que cualquier otro tipo de humedal. Las ci\u00e9nagas tienden a ser m\u00e1s frondosas, con agua que se filtra por arroyos o lagos, y tienen la capacidad de albergar una mayor gama de flora y fauna.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lugares tropicales<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En los climas tropicales se encuentra <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-00599518\/document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">una de cada diez<\/a> turberas del mundo. Los bosques de turba, que poseen una <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/WPapers\/WP91Murdiyarso.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">gran diversidad<\/a> de <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/articles\/AKurnianto1601.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">vida de animal y vegetal<\/a>, se pueden encontrar en partes de \u00c1frica, el Caribe y Am\u00e9rica central y del Sur. Sin embargo, el <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/WPapers\/WP110Comeau.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">68%<\/a> de todas las turberas tropicales se encuentran en el sudeste asi\u00e1tico. Indonesia es el pa\u00eds con la mayor cantidad de manglares y pantanos tropicales de turba <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/WPapers\/WP91Murdiyarso.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">en la Tierra<\/a>, con alrededor de 21 millones de hect\u00e1reas de bosques tropicales de turba y 3 millones de hect\u00e1reas de manglares, esto significa la mitad de los bosques tropicales de turba y casi un cuarto de los manglares del mundo. No obstante, la turbera tropical <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v542\/n7639\/full\/nature21048.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">m\u00e1s grande<\/a> se localiz\u00f3 hace poco tiempo en la Cuenca del Congo, entre el Congo Brazzaville y la Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abSe sospechaba que hab\u00eda enormes reservas en la cuenca del Congo\u00bb, se\u00f1ala Kurnianto. \u00abAhora se han confirmado los detalles exactos de las reservas despu\u00e9s de a\u00f1os de an\u00e1lisis de la turba y datos satelitales\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Turberas en peligro<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Las turberas son ecosistemas de gran importancia ambiental. No solo proporcionan medios de vida para las comunidades locales y albergan animales y plantas en peligro de extinci\u00f3n; tambi\u00e9n contienen enormes reservas de carbono. De hecho, hay all\u00ed m\u00e1s del 30% del carbono almacenado en el <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un-redd.org\/single-post\/2016\/07\/31\/Peat-fires-stoke-global-warming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">suelo<\/a> a nivel mundial, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalpeatlands.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">dos veces<\/a> la cantidad de carbono de todos los bosques del mundo y cuatro veces la de la atm\u00f3sfera. Se estima que solo los hallazgos recientes de la cuenca del Congo representan casi el <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v542\/n7639\/full\/nature21048.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">30%<\/a> del carbono de las turberas tropicales de todo el mundo.<\/p>\n<p>Debido a su alto contenido de carbono, cuando la turba se seca o se incendia, grandes niveles de di\u00f3xido de carbono se liberan en la atm\u00f3sfera. Esto no solo contribuye con el cambio clim\u00e1tico, sino que tambi\u00e9n provoca graves problemas de salud p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan el <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un-redd.org\/single-post\/2016\/07\/31\/Peat-fires-stoke-global-warming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente<\/a>, menos del 0,4% de la superficie del planeta se compone de turberas drenadas o en proceso de degradaci\u00f3n, pero representan el 5% de todas las emisiones mundiales producidas directamente por las actividades humanas.<\/p>\n<p>La turba se est\u00e1 secando o incendiando por varios motivos. Cerca de los polos, el permafrost est\u00e1 descongel\u00e1ndose y haciendo que la turba empiece a secarse. En Europa occidental, el <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iucn-uk-peatlandprogramme.org\/sites\/www.iucn-uk-peatlandprogramme.org\/files\/Threats%20to%20peatlandsVCoelho.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">90%<\/a> de las turberas ya se han perdido debido a cuestiones, entre ellas, su uso como combustible, el drenaje para las actividades agroforestales y el desarrollo urbano.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, la turba enfrenta mayor peligro en algunas partes del mundo que en otras.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abLas turberas tropicales enfrentan las principales amenazas\u00bb, afirma Kurnianto. \u00abSe encuentran en llanuras de f\u00e1cil acceso para el ser humano, por lo que son muy vulnerables al desarrollo\u00bb.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Muchas, en particular en Indonesia, se est\u00e1n drenando, talando e incendiando con el fin de establecer plantaciones agr\u00edcolas de palma aceitera y producir celulosa. Solo en las turberas de Malasia, Sumatra y Borneo, la cubierta de bosque decay\u00f3 <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/WPapers\/WP110Comeau.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">m\u00e1s de la mitad<\/a> entre 1990 y 2010: del 77% al 36%. Despu\u00e9s de los enormes incendios que azotaron Indonesia en el a\u00f1o 2015, los investigadores <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/42098\/on-land-and-in-space-understanding-the-impacts-of-fires?fnl=en\">determinaron<\/a> que se liberaron 884 millones toneladas de di\u00f3xido de carbono en la regi\u00f3n, del cual un 97% proven\u00eda de Indonesia. El calentamiento global y los fen\u00f3menos clim\u00e1ticos como El Ni\u00f1o tambi\u00e9n tienen un efecto de secado.<br \/>\nUna serie de iniciativas mundiales, nacionales y locales est\u00e1n trabajando para detener la explotaci\u00f3n de las turberas, localizarlas y restaurarlas en la medida de lo posible, como la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalpeatlands.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Iniciativa Mundial de Turberas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>El pr\u00f3ximo 18 de mayo, un grupo de expertos internacionales se reunir\u00e1 en el <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/peatlands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Global Landscapes Forum: Peatlands Matter<\/a>, <\/em>un evento global intersectorial enfocado en las turberas mundiales y que se llevar\u00e1 a cabo en Yakarta, Indonesia.<\/p>\n<p>El evento busca encontrar soluciones ante la disminuci\u00f3n de la superficie y  cantidad de turba en todo el mundo,  as\u00ed como medidas r\u00e1pidas y <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/peatlands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">consensuadas<\/a> para preservar el futuro de estos paisajes \u00fanicos, en todas sus formas y ubicaciones.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tome material vegetal en descomposici\u00f3n, agregue saturaci\u00f3n de agua y extraiga ox\u00edgeno. Mezcle durante miles de a\u00f1os y elija temperaturas heladas, moderadas o tropicales. El resultado se llama \u00abturberas\u00bb y probablemente tenga una apariencia h\u00fameda. Las turberas cubren alrededor del 3-5% de la superficie total de la Tierra y representan aproximadamente la mitad de los [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":255,"featured_media":49594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072,190],"tags":[],"language":[2169],"location":[12216],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[3868,6069,3450],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[6142],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6981],"class_list":["post-49592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","category-peatlands","language-espanol","location-global","tag-espanol-humedales","tag-espanol-swamp","tag-espanol-turberas-turbera-centro-internacional-de-turberas-tropicales-turberas-tropicales-turberas-peruanas","type-espanol-noticias"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Panorama global indica que las turberas est\u00e1n en peligro - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/49592\/panorama-global-indica-que-las-turberas-estan-en-peligro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Panorama global indica que las turberas est\u00e1n en peligro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tome material vegetal en descomposici\u00f3n, agregue saturaci\u00f3n de agua y extraiga ox\u00edgeno. Mezcle durante miles de a\u00f1os y elija temperaturas heladas, moderadas o tropicales. El resultado se llama \u00abturberas\u00bb y probablemente tenga una apariencia h\u00fameda. Las turberas cubren alrededor del 3-5% de la superficie total de la Tierra y representan aproximadamente la mitad de los [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/49592\/panorama-global-indica-que-las-turberas-estan-en-peligro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-05-05T03:35:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T08:03:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/33810093566_60aec96069_z.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"426\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rose Foley\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/49592\\\/panorama-global-indica-que-las-turberas-estan-en-peligro#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/49592\\\/panorama-global-indica-que-las-turberas-estan-en-peligro\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rose Foley\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8ac01251cec12d0738a8d5f2a5aa8b2e\"},\"headline\":\"Panorama global indica que las turberas est\u00e1n en peligro\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-05-05T03:35:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T08:03:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/49592\\\/panorama-global-indica-que-las-turberas-estan-en-peligro\"},\"wordCount\":1083,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/49592\\\/panorama-global-indica-que-las-turberas-estan-en-peligro#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/33810093566_60aec96069_z.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; 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