{"id":4811,"date":"2011-11-10T22:57:14","date_gmt":"2011-11-10T22:57:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=4811"},"modified":"2018-02-07T14:09:21","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T07:09:21","slug":"de-tierra-arida-a-nacion-verde-como-recupero-corea-del-sur-sus-bosques-degradados","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/4811\/de-tierra-arida-a-nacion-verde-como-recupero-corea-del-sur-sus-bosques-degradados","title":{"rendered":"\u201cDe tierra \u00e1rida a naci\u00f3n verde\u201d: C\u00f3mo recuper\u00f3 Corea del Sur sus bosques degradados"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_4724\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4724\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/4723\/%e2%80%9cturning-bare-land-into-a-green-nation%e2%80%9d-how-south-korea-recovered-its-degraded-forests\/south-korea\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4724\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-4724\" title=\"Photo courtesy of Adam79\/flickr.\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/south-korea-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4724\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto cortes\u00eda de Adam79\/flickr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>BOGOR, Indonesia. Un programa de reforestaci\u00f3n liderado por el gobierno de Corea del Sur ha logrado incrementar notablemente la cobertura forestal durante los \u00faltimos 50 a\u00f1os, de acuerdo a un estudio publicado por el Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional (CIFOR).<\/p>\n<p>El estudio, <em><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/nc\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3515.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Transici\u00f3n del Bosque en Corea del Sur: Realidad, Trayectoria y Causas, <\/a><\/em>(texto en ingl\u00e9s) mostr\u00f3 que el \u00e1rea de  tierras forestales se ha duplicado desde mediados de 1950, y que los bosques cubren ahora 60 por ciento del pa\u00eds. El incremento en la cobertura forestal se logr\u00f3 principalmente como resultado de un esfuerzo liderado por el gobierno para la recuperaci\u00f3n de bosques degradados.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cComprender la transici\u00f3n de los bosques de Corea del Sur ofrece un punto de inicio para otros pa\u00edses en desarrollo, tales como Indonesia, en la elaboraci\u00f3n de estrategias para recuperar el estado de sus bosques, cuya gobernanza sea imperfecta y tengan un deficiente desarrollo econ\u00f3mico\u201d, dijo Jae Soo Bae, autor principal del estudio y cient\u00edfico de CIFOR.<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores recopilaron datos sobre bosques, basados en registros hist\u00f3ricos desde 1927 hasta 2007, e identificaron un cambio en las tendencias de cobertura forestal \u201cde deforestaci\u00f3n neta a reforestaci\u00f3n neta\u201d.  La reforestaci\u00f3n de suelos degradados despu\u00e9s de la guerra de Corea, a inicios de los cincuenta, ocurri\u00f3 mayormente como resultado de la recuperaci\u00f3n de la vegetaci\u00f3n natural.<\/p>\n<p>A fines de la d\u00e9cada de los sesenta,  el gobierno de Corea del Sur dict\u00f3 pol\u00edticas estrictas para la  protecci\u00f3n de los bosques y declar\u00f3 la tala ilegal como un delito serio.  Varios a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, se moviliz\u00f3 a la polic\u00eda nacional para hacer cumplir las pol\u00edticas del gobierno en la prevenci\u00f3n de la tala ilegal y la agricultura migratoria, sembrando 1.4 millones de hect\u00e1reas de bosque para crear la base de la recuperaci\u00f3n de las crecientes reservas forestales.<\/p>\n<p>El aumento en el uso del carb\u00f3n en la d\u00e9cada de los setenta contribuy\u00f3 a\u00fan m\u00e1s a los esfuerzos de recuperaci\u00f3n del bosque, reduciendo la demanda de le\u00f1a que hasta entonces hab\u00eda sido la mayor causa de la deforestaci\u00f3n en Corea del Sur.<\/p>\n<p>Al mismo tiempo, seg\u00fan el estudio de CIFOR, el crecimiento econ\u00f3mico y la urbanizaci\u00f3n contribuyeron tambi\u00e9n a los esfuerzos de reforestaci\u00f3n, ya que la migraci\u00f3n de poblaciones rurales hacia las ciudades produjo una ca\u00edda en el consumo de le\u00f1a y un aumento en el volumen de crecimiento de las reservas forestales.<\/p>\n<p>Igualmente, en la d\u00e9cada de los setenta, el Ministerio de Asuntos Internos fiscaliz\u00f3 los esfuerzos de reforestaci\u00f3n, instruyendo a los gobiernos locales para que lideraran los esfuerzos de siembra de \u00e1rboles a lo largo de un mill\u00f3n de hect\u00e1reas y alentando a los pobladores de los pueblos a construir viveros y vender sus pl\u00e1ntulas al programa de reforestaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>El Segundo Plan Nacional de Reforestaci\u00f3n, implementado en los ochentas, se enfoc\u00f3 en la rehabilitaci\u00f3n de suelos degradados. Estableciendo un mill\u00f3n de hect\u00e1reas de bosques comerciales con especies de larga rotaci\u00f3n, en vez de bosques para le\u00f1a.  El presidente en ese momento, Park Chung-Hee declar\u00f3 a la reforestaci\u00f3n como la primera prioridad nacional y convoc\u00f3 al p\u00fablico para que contribuyera con la meta de \u201cconvertir la tierra \u00e1rida en una naci\u00f3n verde\u201d.  Se lanz\u00f3 una campa\u00f1a p\u00fablica de difusi\u00f3n para promover el mensaje del gobierno de que sembrar \u00e1rboles era un \u201cacto de patriotismo\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLos factores fundamentales de \u00e9xito que apoyaron la recuperaci\u00f3n del bosque en Corea del Sur fueron ajenos al sector forestal. Corea tiene una larga historia de una fuerte cultura comunitaria, donde los bosques monta\u00f1osos se consideraban recursos comunes as\u00ed como lugares sagrados\u201d, dijo Bae.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAdicionalmente, la fuerza del confucionismo en el pa\u00eds en ese momento funcion\u00f3 presentando la imagen del Presidente Park como un patriarca que guiaba al pa\u00eds a trav\u00e9s de un periodo dif\u00edcil\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>El estudio concluye que las tierras forestales degradadas se pueden regenerar exitosamente con un liderazgo firme del gobierno nacional y con metas claras para generar un amplio apoyo del p\u00fablico en los esfuerzos de reforestaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BOGOR, Indonesia. Un programa de reforestaci\u00f3n liderado por el gobierno de Corea del Sur ha logrado incrementar notablemente la cobertura forestal durante los \u00faltimos 50 a\u00f1os, de acuerdo a un estudio publicado por el Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional (CIFOR). El estudio, Transici\u00f3n del Bosque en Corea del Sur: Realidad, Trayectoria y Causas, (texto [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":37702,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462],"tags":[],"language":[2169],"location":[12252],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[2228],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[229],"class_list":["post-4811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","language-espanol","location-asia-pacific","tag-espanol-restauracion"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u201cDe tierra \u00e1rida a naci\u00f3n verde\u201d: C\u00f3mo recuper\u00f3 Corea del Sur sus bosques degradados - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/4811\/de-tierra-arida-a-nacion-verde-como-recupero-corea-del-sur-sus-bosques-degradados\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cDe tierra \u00e1rida a naci\u00f3n verde\u201d: C\u00f3mo recuper\u00f3 Corea del Sur sus bosques degradados\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia. Un programa de reforestaci\u00f3n liderado por el gobierno de Corea del Sur ha logrado incrementar notablemente la cobertura forestal durante los \u00faltimos 50 a\u00f1os, de acuerdo a un estudio publicado por el Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional (CIFOR). El estudio, Transici\u00f3n del Bosque en Corea del Sur: Realidad, Trayectoria y Causas, (texto [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/4811\/de-tierra-arida-a-nacion-verde-como-recupero-corea-del-sur-sus-bosques-degradados\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-11-10T22:57:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T07:09:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/south-korea-300x2251.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"225\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rachel Rivera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/4811\\\/de-tierra-arida-a-nacion-verde-como-recupero-corea-del-sur-sus-bosques-degradados#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/4811\\\/de-tierra-arida-a-nacion-verde-como-recupero-corea-del-sur-sus-bosques-degradados\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rachel Rivera\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/78dfa725acf3a5f1018998127cdd4034\"},\"headline\":\"\u201cDe tierra \u00e1rida a naci\u00f3n verde\u201d: C\u00f3mo recuper\u00f3 Corea del Sur sus bosques degradados\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-11-10T22:57:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T07:09:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/4811\\\/de-tierra-arida-a-nacion-verde-como-recupero-corea-del-sur-sus-bosques-degradados\"},\"wordCount\":748,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/4811\\\/de-tierra-arida-a-nacion-verde-como-recupero-corea-del-sur-sus-bosques-degradados#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/11\\\/south-korea-300x2251.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; 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