{"id":42043,"date":"2016-07-05T00:03:01","date_gmt":"2016-07-04T17:03:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=42043"},"modified":"2020-04-01T11:03:21","modified_gmt":"2020-04-01T04:03:21","slug":"rastreando-y-mapeando-el-ebola-para-evitar-mas-contagios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/42043\/rastreando-y-mapeando-el-ebola-para-evitar-mas-contagios","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9bola: cient\u00edficos rastrean el virus en los bosques para contener brotes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El brote del virus del <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/ebola\/es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">\u00c9bola<\/a> en \u00c1frica occidental ha cobrado desde marzo de 2014 m\u00e1s de 11.000 vidas. A pesar de esto, todav\u00eda sabemos muy poco acerca de las condiciones en las que prospera el virus y c\u00f3mo se transmite a los seres humanos.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, algunas respuestas pueden encontrarse en un reciente estudio pionero que toma t\u00e9cnicas de la biolog\u00eda y la geograf\u00eda para identificar los focos en los que el virus puede estar al acecho.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Un equipo de investigaci\u00f3n liderado por los cient\u00edficos John Fa y Robert Nasi del <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional (CIFOR)<\/a>, junto con Jes\u00fas Olivero y colegas de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uma.es\/?set_language=es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Universidad de M\u00e1laga<\/a>, entre ellos el vir\u00f3logo estadounidense Jean Paul Gonzalez y el epidemi\u00f3logo especialista en vida silvestre de la Sociedad Zool\u00f3gica Londres Andrew Cunningham, adoptaron un enfoque biogeogr\u00e1fico para detectar las condiciones favorables para el virus del \u00c9bola, tanto en t\u00e9rminos ambientales como de la presencia de animales como posibles hu\u00e9spedes.<\/p>\n<p>El mapa resultante del estudio sugiere que las condiciones favorables para el \u00e9bola est\u00e1n m\u00e1s extendidas de lo que se sospechaba, con presencia en 17 pa\u00edses de \u00c1frica occidental y central e incluso en la regi\u00f3n de los grandes lagos de \u00c1frica Oriental.<\/p>\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n revela un fuerte v\u00ednculo entre el \u00e9bola y las selvas tropicales y brinda una lista de m\u00e1s de 60 animales silvestres que es necesario continuar investigando como posibles portadores de la enfermedad.<\/p>\n<p>Los hallazgos podr\u00edan ayudar a salvar vidas.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abEsta informaci\u00f3n es fundamental para el desarrollo de sistemas de alerta temprana destinados a optimizar la eficacia de las medidas de prevenci\u00f3n\u00bb, se\u00f1al\u00f3 Olivero.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RASTREAR UN VIRUS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Olivero y su equipo est\u00e1n entre los principales investigadores del mundo en el \u00e1rea de la \u00abbiogeograf\u00eda\u00bb, o la ciencia que se ocupa del seguimiento de los patrones biol\u00f3gicos en el tiempo y en el espacio.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Los mapas biogeogr\u00e1ficos permiten que los cient\u00edficos puedan no solo analizar la distribuci\u00f3n de un organismo, sino tambi\u00e9n predecir d\u00f3nde puede encontrarse este organismo a partir de la existencia de condiciones ambientales favorables.<\/p>\n<p>De hecho, el \u00c9bola, como virus, es un organismo. Al reconocer esta situaci\u00f3n, Olivero y un grupo de colegas tomaron t\u00e9cnicas de mapeo biogeogr\u00e1fico que se suelen utilizar para los animales y las aplicaron al caso de un virus.<\/p>\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n se utiliz\u00f3 software de sistemas de informaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica para identificar la distribuci\u00f3n de ambientes favorables para que se produzca el \u00c9bola, as\u00ed como la propagaci\u00f3n de los mam\u00edferos que han muerto o se han infectado a causa del virus.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abNuestros resultados suministran nueva informaci\u00f3n acerca de c\u00f3mo se distribuye el virus del \u00c9bola en la naturaleza, antes de transmitirse entre seres humanos\u00bb, coment\u00f3 Olivero.<\/p>\n<p>Se dejaron de lado los prejuicios de que solo los murci\u00e9lagos son responsables de transmitir el virus, y se ampli\u00f3 el an\u00e1lisis a 64 especies, incluyendo roedores, primates, ungulados, una civeta y una musara\u00f1a como posibles reservorios del virus del \u00c9bola.<\/p>\n<p>El mapa resultante revela una propagaci\u00f3n de la enfermedad m\u00e1s amplia que lo esperado entre las poblaciones de mam\u00edferos y en el continente africano.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LA CONEXI\u00d3N HUMANA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pero, \u00bfqu\u00e9 significan los resultados para los seres humanos? Aqu\u00ed es donde  el trabajo de los cient\u00edficos de CIFOR John Fa y Robert Nasi entra en acci\u00f3n. Fa y Nasi son expertos en carne de monte: animales silvestres que se capturan con fines alimenticios y no alimenticios.<\/p>\n<p>Una de las principales causas de transmisi\u00f3n del \u00e9bola es la caza, la matanza y el consumo de animales salvajes. Pero imponer una prohibici\u00f3n general de la caza de animales silvestres no es una medida viable, tampoco lo es la caza de todas las especies que se sospecha que son portadoras.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u00abNo queremos que la gente se alarme porque hay tantas especies diferentes y salga a matar la mayor cantidad posible\u00bb, advirti\u00f3 Fa.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abDebemos tener formas muy claras y realistas de tratar de detener la transmisi\u00f3n de los animales infectados a las personas sin necesariamente evitar que la gente haga lo que viene haciendo, que es b\u00e1sicamente cazar para alimentarse\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan Fa, trabajar con cazadores y comunidades en riesgo ser\u00e1 fundamental para detener la infecci\u00f3n \u00abindirecta\u00bb de animales a seres humanos.<\/p>\n<p>Asimismo, es necesario continuar las investigaciones sobre las comunidades de animales identificados en el estudio y c\u00f3mo sus h\u00e1bitats se ven afectados por actividades humanas como la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/33292\/existe-un-vinculo-entre-la-deforestacion-y-los-brotes-de-enfermedades-infecciosas?fnl=es\">deforestaci\u00f3n<\/a> y la urbanizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Mientras tanto, se prev\u00e9 que el nuevo m\u00e9todo de seguimiento ayudar\u00e1 a identificar los focos del \u00e9bola y evitar el contagio.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Este estudio forma parte del programa de investigaci\u00f3n del CGIAR sobre Bosques, \u00c1rboles y Agroforester\u00eda y fue ejecutado gracias al financiamiento de USAID.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El brote del virus del \u00c9bola en \u00c1frica occidental ha cobrado desde marzo de 2014 m\u00e1s de 11.000 vidas. A pesar de esto, todav\u00eda sabemos muy poco acerca de las condiciones en las que prospera el virus y c\u00f3mo se transmite a los seres humanos. Sin embargo, algunas respuestas pueden encontrarse en un reciente estudio [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":221,"featured_media":42046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188],"tags":[],"language":[2169],"location":[12247,12216],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[4145,4006,4003,2221],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[6142],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6538],"class_list":["post-42043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-and-diets","language-espanol","location-africa","location-global","tag-espanol-bosques-y-nutricion","tag-espanol-carne-de-monte","tag-espanol-ebola","tag-espanol-seguridad-alimentaria","type-espanol-noticias"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9bola: cient\u00edficos rastrean el virus en los bosques para contener brotes - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/42043\/rastreando-y-mapeando-el-ebola-para-evitar-mas-contagios\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c9bola: cient\u00edficos rastrean el virus en los bosques para contener brotes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El brote del virus del \u00c9bola en \u00c1frica occidental ha cobrado desde marzo de 2014 m\u00e1s de 11.000 vidas. A pesar de esto, todav\u00eda sabemos muy poco acerca de las condiciones en las que prospera el virus y c\u00f3mo se transmite a los seres humanos. Sin embargo, algunas respuestas pueden encontrarse en un reciente estudio [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/42043\/rastreando-y-mapeando-el-ebola-para-evitar-mas-contagios\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-07-04T17:03:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-04-01T04:03:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/15661695313_112186bb70_k.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1362\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Catriona Croft-Cusworth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/42043\\\/rastreando-y-mapeando-el-ebola-para-evitar-mas-contagios#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/42043\\\/rastreando-y-mapeando-el-ebola-para-evitar-mas-contagios\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Catriona Croft-Cusworth\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f35814b7624c461123485a4cba48f021\"},\"headline\":\"\u00c9bola: cient\u00edficos rastrean el virus en los bosques para contener brotes\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-07-04T17:03:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-04-01T04:03:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/42043\\\/rastreando-y-mapeando-el-ebola-para-evitar-mas-contagios\"},\"wordCount\":848,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/42043\\\/rastreando-y-mapeando-el-ebola-para-evitar-mas-contagios#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/06\\\/15661695313_112186bb70_k.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Food &amp; 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