{"id":27248,"date":"2015-03-18T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2015-03-18T14:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=27248"},"modified":"2015-09-30T02:07:34","modified_gmt":"2015-09-29T19:07:34","slug":"pastizales-convertidos-en-granjas-han-disparado-las-emisiones-de-carbono-en-sudamerica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/27248\/pastizales-convertidos-en-granjas-han-disparado-las-emisiones-de-carbono-en-sudamerica","title":{"rendered":"Pastizales convertidos en granjas han disparado las emisiones de carbono en Sudam\u00e9rica"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_27138\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27138\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/RS27_Deforestation_9083155334_o-scr.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-27138\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/RS27_Deforestation_9083155334_o-scr-500x332.jpg\" alt=\"Paisaje cerca de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil. La ganader\u00eda es uno de los mayores causantes de la deforestaci\u00f3n en este pa\u00eds. Fotograf\u00eda: Kate Evans\/CIFOR\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27138\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paisaje cerca de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil. La ganader\u00eda es uno de los mayores causantes de la deforestaci\u00f3n en este pa\u00eds. Fotograf\u00eda: Kate Evans\/CIFOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Bogor, Indonesia- La conversi\u00f3n de pastos a tierra agr\u00edcola ha disparado las emisiones de carbono en la regi\u00f3n. Seg\u00fan un nuevo informe, en los \u00faltimos 40 a\u00f1os, se ha emitido m\u00e1s carbono a la atm\u00f3sfera que durante los 300 a\u00f1os previos, cuando los bosques fueron convertidos a pastizales.<\/p>\n<p>La p\u00e9rdida de carbono del suelo no s\u00f3lo causa la degradaci\u00f3n de la tierra y amenaza la biodiversidad, sino que contribuye directamente al cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n<p>Y este informe, presentado en el libro \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cabi.org\/bookshop\/book\/9781780645322\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>Soil Carbon: Science, Management and Policy for Multiple Benefits<\/em><\/a><em>\u201d,<\/em> se presenta oportunamente, considerando que el a\u00f1o 2015 ha sido designado como el A\u00f1o Internacional de los Suelos por la ONU.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abNo nos hemos preocupado mucho por regresarles a los suelos lo que les hemos robado\u00bb, afirma Christopher Martius, cient\u00edfico principal del Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional (CIFOR). \u00abEs mucho m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil mantener el carbono en el suelo que reconstruirlo y hay tecnolog\u00edas y enfoques que pueden ayudar, pero requieren un cambio de mentalidad, inversiones y pol\u00edticas adecuadas\u00bb, agrega.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Consulte la publicaci\u00f3n en ingl\u00e9s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/5330\/impacts-of-land-use-change-on-carbon-stocks-and-dynamics-in-central-southern-south-american-biomes-cerrado-atlantic-forest-and-southern-grasslands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Impacts of Land-use Change on Carbon Stocks and Dynamics in Central-southern South American Biomes<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>En el pasado, Martius trabaj\u00f3 con investigadores de Brasil y Argentina a trav\u00e9s del <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iai.int\/?lang=es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Instituto Interamericano para la Investigaci\u00f3n del Cambio Global<\/a> (IAI), ubicado en S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, Brasil, para examinar el impacto del cambio de uso de suelo en las reservas de carbono de tres biomas de la zona centro-sur de Am\u00e9rica del Sur: la regi\u00f3n del <a href=\"mailto:http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/17315\/between-the-amazon-and-the-atlantic-brazils-threatened-savannas\">Cerrado en Brasil<\/a>, los pastizales pampeanos de Argentina, y los \u00abbosques atl\u00e1nticos\u00bb en las regiones costeras del este sudamericano. Su trabajo titulado <em><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/5330\/impacts-of-land-use-change-on-carbon-stocks-and-dynamics-in-central-southern-south-american-biomes-cerrado-atlantic-forest-and-southern-grasslands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Impacts of Land-use Change on Carbon Stocks and Dynamics in Central-southern South American Biomes<\/a><\/em>, (Impactos del cambio de uso de suelo en las reservas de carbono y las din\u00e1micas en los biomas del centro sur sudamericano) es uno de los 31 cap\u00edtulos del libro.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CUARTETO DE CULPABLES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan los autores, son cuatro los sectores agr\u00edcolas que han causado mayor da\u00f1o a la tierra: el sector de las materias primas como la soya; la madera, como el eucalipto y el pino; la ganader\u00eda, y el sector de los biocombustibles producidos con ca\u00f1a de az\u00facar.<\/p>\n<p>En los \u00faltimos 30 a\u00f1os, explican, el \u00e1rea de cultivos de soya pr\u00e1cticamente se ha cuadruplicado en la Pampa argentina, y se ha expandido en casi 10 veces en el Cerrado brasile\u00f1o. Adem\u00e1s, indican que la superficie que abarcan los cultivos de ca\u00f1a de az\u00facar en Brasil se ha duplicado durante los \u00faltimos 20 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>En general, todas las conversiones de vegetaci\u00f3n natural para uso agr\u00edcola conducen a una p\u00e9rdida significativa de las reservas de carbono del suelo. Como ejemplo se\u00f1alan que en la regi\u00f3n de la Pampa en la cuenca del R\u00edo de la Plata, la conversi\u00f3n a tierras de cultivo ha disminuido las reservas de carbono en m\u00e1s de 29 millones de toneladas m\u00e9tricas por a\u00f1o, durante los \u00faltimos 25 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abSi trabajas constantemente la tierra, entonces expones el carbono del suelo a la degradaci\u00f3n\u00bb, explica Martius. \u00abEs por eso que una de nuestras recomendaciones es la adopci\u00f3n de una agricultura de conservaci\u00f3n o labranza cero. Con este enfoque, los agricultores reducen el n\u00famero de veces que surcan y tratan de mantener la mayor cantidad posible de residuos vegetales en la tierra\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NO PROHIBAMOS LA QUEMA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La agricultura de conservaci\u00f3n a menudo se promociona como un enfoque hol\u00edstico y ecol\u00f3gico, pero tambi\u00e9n puede tener beneficios econ\u00f3micos. Seg\u00fan indican los investigadores, muchos productores comerciales de gran escala en Brasil han adoptado el enfoque de labranza cero porque menos arado tambi\u00e9n significa menos combustible, maquinaria y mano de obra.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abEstas empresas descubrieron que pod\u00edan cultivar semillas haciendo peque\u00f1os surcos en la vegetaci\u00f3n existente, y plant\u00e1ndolas en estos peque\u00f1os agujeros\u00bb, dijo Martius. \u00abAs\u00ed se mantiene la tierra m\u00e1s o menos intacta y se puede obtener una buena cosecha. Pero adem\u00e1s se reduce la p\u00e9rdida de carbono del suelo debido a que no se lo revuelve  con tanta frecuencia\u00bb, se\u00f1ala el cient\u00edfico.<\/p>\n<p>Pero preservar el carbono en el suelo es un tema complejo, que involucra muchas ventajas y desventajas (<em>trade-offs<\/em>) en t\u00e9rminos sociales, ambientales y econ\u00f3micos.<\/p>\n<p>Por ejemplo, los productores de ca\u00f1a de az\u00facar queman las hojas antes de la cosecha. Esto permite reducir el agotador d\u00eda trabajo de sus cosechadoras, pero tambi\u00e9n degrada el suelo.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abNo se puede prohibir la quema porque s\u00ed, porque ayuda a los trabajadores\u00bb, explica Martius. \u00abUna prohibici\u00f3n s\u00f3lo puede funcionar si se introduce tambi\u00e9n maquinaria que ahorre mano de obra. Pero adem\u00e1s se tiene el problema de medio mill\u00f3n de personas cuyos puestos de trabajo pueden verse amenazados por las nuevas tecnolog\u00edas, y por eso es tan dif\u00edcil encontrar una soluci\u00f3n\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores recomiendan una serie de estrategias para ayudar a reducir la p\u00e9rdida de carbono del suelo debido a la agricultura. Estas incluyen, por ejemplo, pasar de la siembra de monocultivos a la siembra de cultivos m\u00faltiples, la rotaci\u00f3n con especies leguminosas para enriquecer el suelo con  el nitr\u00f3geno que interact\u00faa con el carbono, o la integraci\u00f3n de cultivos con la ganader\u00eda y el manejo forestal. Est\u00e1 demostrado que con estas t\u00e9cnicas se pueden aumentar los niveles de carbono del suelo hasta por casi dos toneladas m\u00e9tricas por hect\u00e1rea, anualmente. Adem\u00e1s de preservar la capacidad de resistencia del suelo, estas t\u00e9cnicas tambi\u00e9n pueden ayudar a los agricultores de la regi\u00f3n sudamericana a mitigar los impactos negativos del cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abPerder el carbono del suelo, donde se ha almacenado durante siglos, incluso milenios, es f\u00e1cil\u00bb, dice Martius. \u00abLo complicado es reconstruirlo y eso toma mucho tiempo. No podemos recuperarlo con la misma rapidez con que lo destruimos\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n acerca de los temas de este art\u00edculo, por favor p\u00f3ngase en contacto con Christopher Martius en <\/strong><a href=\"mailto:c.martius@cgiar.org\"><strong>c.martius@cgiar.org<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>La investigaci\u00f3n de CIFOR sobre bosques y agricultura forma parte del <a href=\"http:\/\/foreststreesagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n del CGIAR sobre bosques, \u00e1rboles y Agroforester\u00eda.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bogor, Indonesia- La conversi\u00f3n de pastos a tierra agr\u00edcola ha disparado las emisiones de carbono en la regi\u00f3n. Seg\u00fan un nuevo informe, en los \u00faltimos 40 a\u00f1os, se ha emitido m\u00e1s carbono a la atm\u00f3sfera que durante los 300 a\u00f1os previos, cuando los bosques fueron convertidos a pastizales. La p\u00e9rdida de carbono del suelo no [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":107,"featured_media":27138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2169],"location":[12216],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[3367,5674,3942,3943,3454,4100,3957,4989],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[3108],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1141],"class_list":["post-27248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-landscapes","language-espanol","location-global","tag-espanol-agricultura","tag-espanol-america-del-sur","tag-espanol-cambio-de-uso-de-la-tierra","tag-espanol-uso-del-suelo","tag-espanol-degradacion","tag-espanol-emisiones","tag-espanol-gases-de-efecto-invernadero","tag-espanol-latinoamerica","type-espanol-investigacion"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pastizales convertidos en granjas han disparado las emisiones de carbono en Sudam\u00e9rica - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/27248\/pastizales-convertidos-en-granjas-han-disparado-las-emisiones-de-carbono-en-sudamerica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pastizales convertidos en granjas han disparado las emisiones de carbono en Sudam\u00e9rica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bogor, Indonesia- La conversi\u00f3n de pastos a tierra agr\u00edcola ha disparado las emisiones de carbono en la regi\u00f3n. Seg\u00fan un nuevo informe, en los \u00faltimos 40 a\u00f1os, se ha emitido m\u00e1s carbono a la atm\u00f3sfera que durante los 300 a\u00f1os previos, cuando los bosques fueron convertidos a pastizales. La p\u00e9rdida de carbono del suelo no [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/27248\/pastizales-convertidos-en-granjas-han-disparado-las-emisiones-de-carbono-en-sudamerica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-03-18T14:37:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-09-29T19:07:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/RS27_Deforestation_9083155334_o-scr.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1100\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"730\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mark Foss\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/27248\\\/pastizales-convertidos-en-granjas-han-disparado-las-emisiones-de-carbono-en-sudamerica#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/27248\\\/pastizales-convertidos-en-granjas-han-disparado-las-emisiones-de-carbono-en-sudamerica\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mark Foss\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4d82a8658eb9f83e3855271ca0de667d\"},\"headline\":\"Pastizales convertidos en granjas han disparado las emisiones de carbono en Sudam\u00e9rica\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-03-18T14:37:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-09-29T19:07:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/27248\\\/pastizales-convertidos-en-granjas-han-disparado-las-emisiones-de-carbono-en-sudamerica\"},\"wordCount\":1130,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/27248\\\/pastizales-convertidos-en-granjas-han-disparado-las-emisiones-de-carbono-en-sudamerica#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/03\\\/RS27_Deforestation_9083155334_o-scr.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; 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In 1995, following seven years as communications coordinator for the Canadian Organization for Development through Education (CODE) and Partnership Africa Canada (PAC), he began consulting for government, NGOs and international organizations. A collection of stories about a hapless NGO fundraiser appeared in 2005 followed by a novel, Spoilers, in 2011. 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