{"id":26947,"date":"2015-02-27T22:34:29","date_gmt":"2015-02-27T15:34:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=26947"},"modified":"2015-08-11T04:32:13","modified_gmt":"2015-08-10T21:32:13","slug":"carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/26947\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos","title":{"rendered":"Carbono acumulado durante 2800 a\u00f1os podr\u00eda perderse en un abrir y cerrar de ojos"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Terreno<\/a>
Terreno destruido para el cultivo de palma aceitera en un pantano de turba en la provincia de Aceh, Indonesia. Las turberas tropicales almacenan inmensas cantidades de carbono que han sido acumuladas durante miles de a\u00f1os. Fotograf\u00eda: Dita Alangkara \/ CIFOR.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indonesia \u2014 Los cient\u00edficos que monitorean la cantidad de carbono acumulada en las turberas de Indonesia durante a lo largo de miles de a\u00f1os han pronosticado que millones de toneladas de di\u00f3xido de carbono podr\u00edan ser liberadas a la atm\u00f3sfera si se las contin\u00faa talando, drenando y quemando para su conversi\u00f3n en plantaciones de palma aceitera y otros productos agr\u00edcolas.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos pantanos de turba de Indonesia han evolucionado a lo largo de miles de a\u00f1os hasta crear un sistema de almacenamiento perfecto para encerrar el di\u00f3xido de carbono que contribuye al cambio clim\u00e1tico\u201d, dijo Sofyan Kurnianto, cient\u00edfico del Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional (CIFOR) y autor principal de un nuevo estudio<\/a> sobre turberas.<\/p>\n

\u201cPodr\u00eda tomar miles de a\u00f1os recuperar la p\u00e9rdida de carbono producto de la conversi\u00f3n de las turberas\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cApenas estamos empezando a comprender la magnitud de las emisiones que se liberan cuando las turberas son taladas y quemadas para la agricultura y el cultivo de la palma aceitera\u201d.<\/p>\n

Aunque los cient\u00edficos conocen desde hace un tiempo el potencial de las turberas para capturar carbono (que conservan cinco veces m\u00e1s carbono que los bosques tropicales y representan un tercio de las reservas mundiales totales de carbono) poco se sabe sobre las cantidades reales acumuladas en sus suelos y los impactos que pueden generar las pr\u00e1cticas no sostenibles de uso del suelo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Cada a\u00f1o se destruyen m\u00e1s de 100.000 hect\u00e1reas de turberas para convertirlas en plantaciones de palma aceitera y otros productos agr\u00edcolas. Cuando los pantanos de turba son drenados, convertidos y quemados, grandes cantidades de carbono son liberadas a la atm\u00f3sfera.<\/p>\n

CUANTIFICANDO LA SITUACI\u00d3N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan un informe del a\u00f1o 2010<\/a> el 85% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de Indonesia resultan de actividades de uso del suelo, con un 37% causado directamente por la deforestaci\u00f3n y un 27% debido a la quema de turberas.<\/p>\n

Pero este nuevo estudio de CIFOR es pionero por haber utilizado el Holocene Peat Model, un m\u00e9todo para reunir la informaci\u00f3n existente sobre los tipos de vegetaci\u00f3n, las tasas de descomposici\u00f3n de desechos y la profundidad de la capa fre\u00e1tica de las \u00e1reas costeras y de turberas interiores de Indonesia. Con esto se busca estimar la cantidad de carbono acumulada a lo largo de per\u00edodos de 5.000 y 11.000 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

Este m\u00e9todo se ha utilizado para crear una serie de escenarios que permitan predecir los impactos de la tala de bosques y la quema de turba, para la conversi\u00f3n en plantaciones de palma aceitera.<\/p>\n

Entre los hallazgos se encontr\u00f3 que de las 3.300 toneladas de carbono por hect\u00e1rea que se encuentran almacenadas en las turberas costeras de Indonesia, hasta un 50% ser\u00eda liberado hacia la atm\u00f3sfera durante los 100 a\u00f1os posteriores a su conversi\u00f3n para plantaciones de palma aceitera. Esto equivale a a 2.800 a\u00f1os de acumulaci\u00f3n de carbono.<\/p>\n

\u201cLo sorprendente fue descubrir cu\u00e1n lento es el proceso de acumulaci\u00f3n de carbono en las turberas, pero cu\u00e1n r\u00e1pida la liberaci\u00f3n hacia la atm\u00f3sfera, cuando alteramos estos sistemas por la actividad humana\u201d, resalta Daniel Murdiyarso, cient\u00edfico principal de CIFOR y coautor del informe.<\/p>\n

Dicho de otra manera, se requerir\u00edan m\u00e1s de 2.300 hect\u00e1reas de turberas v\u00edrgenes cada a\u00f1o -el equivalente a 3.200 campos de f\u00fatbol- para absorber la misma cantidad de carbono que una sola hect\u00e1rea de bosque convertido pierde durante 100 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

Los cient\u00edficos esperan desarrollar el Holocene Peat Model, para estimar las emisiones de metano y material de carbono perdidos durante el drenaje de las turberas, lo que podr\u00eda aumentar las estimaciones hasta en un 20%.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Conozca m\u00e1s datos y hallazgos sobre los humedales tropicales y su vital importancia en este especial de CIFOR:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"package<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

CARBONO PARA REDD+<\/strong><\/p>\n

El estudio tambi\u00e9n destaca la necesidad de que los esfuerzos globales para la reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de la deforestaci\u00f3n y la degradaci\u00f3n de los bosques (como en la iniciativa conocida como REDD+<\/a>) tengan en cuenta la p\u00e9rdida del carbono derivada de los cambios de uso del suelo, y la necesidad de reforestar y restaurar las turberas tropicales degradadas.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos ecosistemas de turberas tropicales son muy \u00e1cidos y tienen menos nutrientes que las turberas boreales, por lo que si se altera el equilibrio de pH, es muy dif\u00edcil restaurarlos\u201d, agreg\u00f3 Kurnianto.<\/p>\n

\u201cPodr\u00eda tomar miles de a\u00f1os recuperar la p\u00e9rdida de carbono producto de la conversi\u00f3n de las turberas\u201d.<\/p>\n

El gobierno de Indonesia aprob\u00f3 recientemente un acuerdo<\/a> para reducir la contaminaci\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica derivada de la quema de turberas. Esto sucedi\u00f3 luego de que el n\u00famero de incendios iniciados en la provincia de Riau, Sumatra, alcanzara un r\u00e9cord hist\u00f3rico en el 2013<\/a>. Sin embargo, se requiere de nueva legislaci\u00f3n s\u00f3lida para que Indonesia pueda cumplir con su compromiso mundial de reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en un 26% para el a\u00f1o 2020.<\/p>\n

Una investigaci\u00f3n previa de CIFOR<\/a> encontr\u00f3 que, en 2012, los incendios forestales en la provincia de Riau liberaron entre 1.500 y 2.000 millones de toneladas de carbono en s\u00f3lo una semana: un 10% del total de las emisiones anuales de Indonesia.<\/p>\n

\u201cPrevenir la p\u00e9rdida de carbono mediante la conservaci\u00f3n de las turberas y la mejora de las pr\u00e1cticas para la gesti\u00f3n del suelo, es preferible que lidiar con las consecuencias\u201d, dijo Kurnianto.<\/p>\n

\u201cEsperamos que esta investigaci\u00f3n contribuya a generar mayor conciencia en el gobierno y las comunidades locales sobre lo importante que es conservar las turberas para el sistema clim\u00e1tico global\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/strong>Para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre esta investigaci\u00f3n, por favor p\u00f3ngase en contacto con Daniel Murdiyarso en <\/strong>d.murdiyarso@cgiar.org<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Esta investigaci\u00f3n forma parte del <\/em>Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n de CGIAR sobre Bosques, \u00c1rboles y Agroforester\u00eda<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Foto de portada: Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Foto de Rini Sulaiman\/ Norwegian Embassy for Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia \u2014 Los cient\u00edficos que monitorean la cantidad de carbono acumulada en las turberas de Indonesia durante a lo largo de miles de a\u00f1os han pronosticado que millones de toneladas de di\u00f3xido de carbono podr\u00edan ser liberadas a la atm\u00f3sfera si se las contin\u00faa talando, drenando y quemando para su conversi\u00f3n en plantaciones de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":26951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,190],"tags":[],"language":[2169],"location":[12216],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[3351,3449,3451,2245,3450],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[3108],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[213],"class_list":["post-26947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-peatlands","language-espanol","location-global","tag-espanol-deforestacion","tag-espanol-dioxido-de-carbono","tag-espanol-palma-aceitera","tag-espanol-redd","tag-espanol-turberas-turbera-centro-internacional-de-turberas-tropicales-turberas-tropicales-turberas-peruanas","type-espanol-investigacion"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCarbono acumulado durante 2800 a\u00f1os podr\u00eda perderse en un abrir y cerrar de ojos - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/26947\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Carbono acumulado durante 2800 a\u00f1os podr\u00eda perderse en un abrir y cerrar de ojos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia \u2014 Los cient\u00edficos que monitorean la cantidad de carbono acumulada en las turberas de Indonesia durante a lo largo de miles de a\u00f1os han pronosticado que millones de toneladas de di\u00f3xido de carbono podr\u00edan ser liberadas a la atm\u00f3sfera si se las contin\u00faa talando, drenando y quemando para su conversi\u00f3n en plantaciones de […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/26947\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-02-27T15:34:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-08-10T21:32:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/fire-forest-ready.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"691\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Catriona Moss\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/26947\\\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/26947\\\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Catriona Moss\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8cc71df6edb901e6a73a591b9e895c34\"},\"headline\":\"Carbono acumulado durante 2800 a\u00f1os podr\u00eda perderse en un abrir y cerrar de ojos\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-02-27T15:34:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-08-10T21:32:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/26947\\\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos\"},\"wordCount\":1084,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/26947\\\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/02\\\/fire-forest-ready.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change & energy\",\"Deforestation\",\"Peatlands\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/26947\\\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2015\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/26947\\\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/26947\\\/carbono-acumulado-durante-2800-anos-podria-perderse-en-un-abrir-y-cerrar-de-ojos\",\"name\":\"Carbono acumulado durante 2800 a\u00f1os podr\u00eda perderse en un abrir y cerrar de ojos - 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