{"id":26487,"date":"2015-01-22T00:27:24","date_gmt":"2015-01-21T17:27:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=26487"},"modified":"2015-08-14T23:39:28","modified_gmt":"2015-08-14T16:39:28","slug":"productores-de-papa-del-peru-enfrentan-el-cambio-climatico-con-innovacion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/26487\/productores-de-papa-del-peru-enfrentan-el-cambio-climatico-con-innovacion","title":{"rendered":"Productores de papa del Per\u00fa enfrentan el cambio clim\u00e1tico con innovaci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Una<\/a>
Una mujer recoge papas en Huancayo, Per\u00fa. Poco a poco, el calentamiento global ha obligado a los agricultores andinos a sembrar sus cultivos a mayores alturas. Fotograf\u00eda: Elmer Ayala.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

LIMA, Per\u00fa \u2014 A medida que el calentamiento global reduce las tierras aptas para el cultivo de papas, los agricultores quechuas de los Andes peruanos dicen que estos cambios son una se\u00f1al de que la Madre Tierra (Mamapacha, en quechua) est\u00e1 enojada, seg\u00fan Alejandro Argumedo, director de la Asociaci\u00f3n para la Naturaleza y el Desarrollo Sostenible (ANDES).<\/p>\n

En el \u201cParque de la Papa<\/a>\u201d, cerca de Cusco, Per\u00fa, los agricultores se han unido a los cient\u00edficos para proteger las papas, parte esencial de la dieta de sus familias, dijo Argumedo en el Global Landscapes Forum 2014, organizado por CIFOR, el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA) y la Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentaci\u00f3n y la Agricultura (FAO) en el marco de la conferencia anual de las Naciones Unidas sobre cambio clim\u00e1tico en Lima, Per\u00fa. El evento congreg\u00f3 a m\u00e1s de 1.700 personas procedentes de 90 pa\u00edses, incluyendo a negociadores nacionales sobre el clima, ministros, directores ejecutivos de empresas, l\u00edderes ind\u00edgenas, l\u00edderes de la sociedad civil e investigadores.<\/p>\n

Durante milenios, los agricultores andinos se han adaptado a condiciones clim\u00e1ticas extremas, incluyendo fuertes lluvias y sequ\u00edas provocadas por el fen\u00f3meno El Ni\u00f1o, pero en d\u00e9cadas recientes los cambios se han acelerado<\/a>, asever\u00f3 Argumedo.<\/p>\n

Los agricultores cultivan papas a grandes alturas, donde las bajas temperaturas mantienen plagas y enfermedades bajo control. Sin embargo, durante las \u00faltimas tres d\u00e9cadas, el aumento de las temperaturas los ha obligado a sembrar a altitudes cada vez mayores.<\/p>\n

En 1982, los campos de cultivo de menor altura se encontraban a unos 3.900 metros sobre el nivel del mar; durante el 2014, estaban 200 metros m\u00e1s arriba, seg\u00fan Dave Ellis, jefe del banco de germoplasma del Centro Internacional de la Papa<\/a> (CIP) en Lima.<\/p>\n

Los agricultores han notado tambi\u00e9n otros cambios en a\u00f1os recientes, entre ellos el retroceso de los glaciares de los picos cercanos, cambios en las precipitaciones pluviales y condiciones clim\u00e1ticas m\u00e1s extremas.<\/p>\n

Seis comunidades se unieron en el a\u00f1o 2000 para crear el Parque de la Papa, que combina la agricultura con otras actividades tradicionales y el ecoturismo, generando diversas fuentes de ingresos.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n se propusieron conservar sus variedades de papas nativas y recuperar la diversidad gen\u00e9tica que se hab\u00eda perdido con el tiempo.<\/p>\n

El CIP les ha proporcionado cerca de 400 variedades de su colecci\u00f3n. A cambio, las comunidades le han donado a este centro muestras de m\u00e1s de 200 variedades.<\/p>\n

LABORATORIO VIVIENTE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Los cient\u00edficos del CIP tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n estudiando los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico sobre las papas nativas, capacitando a los agricultores para que trabajen con ellos en la investigaci\u00f3n y en la capacitaci\u00f3n de miembros de otras comunidades.<\/p>\n

Durante tres a\u00f1os, han sembrado parcelas a intervalos de altitud de 100 metros. Los cient\u00edficos y los agricultores trabajan juntos en la planificaci\u00f3n, la siembra y la cosecha de las parcelas, y analizan los resultados en conjunto.<\/p>\n

Entre sus hallazgos encontraron que los agricultores ya hab\u00edan estado mejorando sus papas, seleccion\u00e1ndolas por su resistencia a las plagas y por su tolerancia a condiciones extremas como sequ\u00edas y heladas. Su selecci\u00f3n de variedades ha sido similar a la de los cient\u00edficos del CIP, dice Ellis, quien se refiere al Parque de la Papa como \u201cun laboratorio viviente\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pero este no es el \u00fanico lugar donde los agricultores est\u00e1n probando nuevas t\u00e9cnicas para conservar o mejorar los cultivos tradicionales y proteger la seguridad alimentaria, se\u00f1ala Krystyna Swiderska del Instituto Internacional de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo en Londres (IIED, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), quien actualmente estudia 64 aldeas en zonas de riesgo ya afectadas por el cambio clim\u00e1tico en China, la India, Kenia y el Per\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Entre las estrategias utilizadas por agricultores en los cuatro pa\u00edses est\u00e1n el reemplazo de variedades h\u00edbridas por cultivos tradicionales, y la siembra de una combinaci\u00f3n de variedades de r\u00e1pido crecimiento y resistentes a las sequ\u00edas para reducir el riesgo producido por condiciones meteorol\u00f3gicas extremas.<\/p>\n

\u201cLa capacidad local para innovar es realmente fundamental para la resiliencia\u201d, enfatiz\u00f3 Swiderska.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LIMA, Per\u00fa \u2014 A medida que el calentamiento global reduce las tierras aptas para el cultivo de papas, los agricultores quechuas de los Andes peruanos dicen que estos cambios son una se\u00f1al de que la Madre Tierra (Mamapacha, en quechua) est\u00e1 enojada, seg\u00fan Alejandro Argumedo, director de la Asociaci\u00f3n para la Naturaleza y el Desarrollo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":25937,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,95],"tags":[384,376,385,1881,1647,283,635,815],"language":[2169],"location":[12228],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[3966,3355,3963,3965],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[3108],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-26487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-human-wellbeing","tag-adaptacion","tag-agricultura","tag-cambio-climatico","tag-cultivo-de-papas","tag-global-landscapes-forum","tag-latin-america","tag-peru","tag-resiliencia","language-espanol","location-peru","tag-espanol-el-nino","tag-espanol-global-landscapes-forum","tag-espanol-lluvia","tag-espanol-sequias","type-espanol-investigacion"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nProductores de papa del Per\u00fa enfrentan el cambio clim\u00e1tico con innovaci\u00f3n - 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