{"id":20932,"date":"2014-01-10T21:05:21","date_gmt":"2014-01-10T14:05:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=20932"},"modified":"2017-10-06T15:42:47","modified_gmt":"2017-10-06T08:42:47","slug":"los-corredores-biologicos-ayudan-a-que-las-plantas-se-adapten-al-cambio-climatico-estudio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/20932\/los-corredores-biologicos-ayudan-a-que-las-plantas-se-adapten-al-cambio-climatico-estudio","title":{"rendered":"Los corredores biol\u00f3gicos ayudan a que las plantas se adapten al cambio clim\u00e1tico – estudio"},"content":{"rendered":"

TURRIALBA, Costa Rica (9 de enero de 2014) _A medida que una gama de especies vegetales se desplaza a elevaciones m\u00e1s altas debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico, los corredores biol\u00f3gicos que conectan las \u00e1reas protegidas adquirir\u00e1n mayor importancia para la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad, afirman los cient\u00edficos.<\/p>\n

Los ecosistemas brindan servicios que van desde la regulaci\u00f3n del agua al almacenamiento de carbono. Pero el clima m\u00e1s caliente y seco pronosticado para Mesoam\u00e9rica \u2013M\u00e9xico y Centroam\u00e9rica\u2013 podr\u00eda condenar a las especies vegetales que no se pueden adaptar, reduciendo o cambiando esos servicios ecol\u00f3gicos. Si bien algunas especies pueden morir, otras \u201cmigrar\u00e1n\u201d cuesta arriba extendiendo su alcance hacia \u00e1reas con temperaturas promedio m\u00e1s bajas.<\/p>\n

La creaci\u00f3n y conservaci\u00f3n de corredores que faciliten estos movimientos ser\u00e1 crucial.<\/p>\n

\u201cLas \u00e1reas protegidas se han considerado hist\u00f3ricamente como islas. Ahora las personas est\u00e1n empezando a considerarlas como parte de las redes ecol\u00f3gicas\u201d, dijo Bernal Herrera del Centro Agron\u00f3mico Tropical de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza<\/i><\/a>, CATIE, en Costa Rica.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos pa\u00edses tambi\u00e9n deber\u00edan ver las \u00e1reas protegidas como parte de una estrategia multisectorial de desarrollo\u201d, dijo Bernal a los participantes en la s\u00e9ptima Conferencia Cient\u00edfica Interamericana Henry A. Wallace, en ocasi\u00f3n del 40 aniversario <\/a> de la fundaci\u00f3n de CATIE.<\/p>\n

La migraci\u00f3n de especies ya est\u00e1 sucediendo en varios lugares del tr\u00f3pico como lo muestra la investigaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

El bi\u00f3logo Feeley de la Universidad Internacional de la Florida, <\/a> quien inicialmente observ\u00f3 un cambio importante en las zonas de \u00e1rboles de los Andes, encontr\u00f3 recientemente que las plantas en Costa Rica tambi\u00e9n estaban empezando a migrar <\/a>cuesta arriba.<\/p>\n

Lo mismo ocurrir\u00e1 con las especies de cultivos y las plagas que los afectan, dijo Dyno Keatinge, director general del Centro Asi\u00e1tico de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo de Vegetales (AVRDC) en Taiw\u00e1n, a los participantes en la Conferencia Wallace.<\/p>\n

\u201cA medida que suban las temperaturas, las enfermedades avanzar\u00e1n cuesta arriba\u201d, dijo.<\/p>\n

Los fitogenetistas enfrentan el reto de producir variedades resistentes a las enfermedades y al calor en cultivos comerciales importantes, tales como los tomates, dijo Keatinge, en tanto que los agricultores podr\u00edan tener que usar mallas para protegerse contra los insectos y seguir medidas estrictas para prevenir enfermedades.<\/p>\n

En los ecosistemas naturales, quienes dise\u00f1an proyectos de conservaci\u00f3n enfrentar\u00e1n el reto de facilitar la migraci\u00f3n de las especies vegetales, dijo Bruno Locatelli, experto en silvicultura e hidrolog\u00eda que trabaja con el Centro ara la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional (CIFOR)<\/a> y el Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola para el Desarrollo (CIRAD).<\/p>\n

Eso es particularmente v\u00e1lido en Mesoam\u00e9rica, donde los h\u00e1bitats naturales han sido fragmentados por la agricultura, el desarrollo urbano e infraestructura como las represas hidroel\u00e9ctricas.<\/p>\n

Esos obst\u00e1culos afectar\u00e1n especialmente a las especies en tierras bajas, que deben extender su alcance a grandes distancias para llegar a mayor altitud, dijo.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos corredores son una forma de reconectar los parques forestales o las \u00e1reas protegidas que actualmente se encuentran separadas en el paisaje\u201d, dijo Locatelli, coautor de un nuevo estudio sobre cambio clim\u00e1tico y dispersi\u00f3n de plantas a lo largo de los corredores en Mesoam\u00e9rica. \u201cAl conectar los corredores se facilita la migraci\u00f3n de las especies\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trazando mapas de corredores seguros<\/b><\/p>\n

El estudio en Mesoam\u00e9rica encontr\u00f3 que los corredores biol\u00f3gicos que conectan \u00e1reas protegidas podr\u00edan reducir el impacto del cambio clim\u00e1tico sobre las plantas.<\/p>\n

Su efectividad depende de su alcance de altitud, de las temperaturas y la velocidad del cambio clim\u00e1tico, y los efectos var\u00edan dependiendo de la rapidez con que las especies se pueden mover.<\/p>\n

Es probable que el cambio clim\u00e1tico avance a ritmos diferentes en las distintas regiones de Mesoam\u00e9rica, dijo Locatelli, con un cambio m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido en las zonas planas de la costa atl\u00e1ntica de Nicaragua y en la pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n en M\u00e9xico, y un cambio m\u00e1s lento en las monta\u00f1as de Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala y M\u00e9xico.<\/p>\n

\u201cNuestro modelo muestra dos tipos importantes de corredores para la migraci\u00f3n de las especies vegetales \u2013 corredores en las planicies del norte y noreste, y corredores que conectan \u00e1reas protegidas en las monta\u00f1as con otras zonas a m\u00e1s baja altitud\u201d, dijo.<\/p>\n

El estudio recalca la importancia de dise\u00f1ar una red de \u00e1reas protegidas y corredores <\/a> a trav\u00e9s de la regi\u00f3n. Ya existe un plan de esta naturaleza: el Corredor Biol\u00f3gico Mesoamericano, esfuerzo de varios pa\u00edses para conectar \u00e1reas importantes de biodiversidad en una red que se extiende desde Panam\u00e1 a M\u00e9xico.<\/p>\n

El sistema que tiene cerca de una d\u00e9cada, no se dise\u00f1\u00f3 originalmente con el cambio clim\u00e1tico en mente. La nueva investigaci\u00f3n podr\u00eda ayudar a los formuladores de pol\u00edticas a tomar en cuenta la migraci\u00f3n de las especies a medida que trazan los mapas de corredores futuros.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, esto incluso puede no ser suficiente para algunas plantas.<\/p>\n

\u201cEn algunos lugares, seg\u00fan Locatelli, aun las especies de movimiento m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido no podr\u00e1n adaptarse al cambio clim\u00e1tico\u201d.<\/p>\n

Para mayor informaci\u00f3n sobre los temas tratados en el presente art\u00edculo, s\u00edrvase contactar a b.locatelli@cgiar.org<\/b><\/p>\n

Este trabajo forma parte del Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n de CGIAR sobre Bosques, Arboles y Agroforester\u00eda y est\u00e1 respaldado por el Proyecto MESOTERRA del Programa Mesoamericano Agro-Ambiental en el Centro Agron\u00f3mico Tropical de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza (CATIE).<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TURRIALBA, Costa Rica (9 de enero de 2014) _A medida que una gama de especies vegetales se desplaza a elevaciones m\u00e1s altas debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico, los corredores biol\u00f3gicos que conectan las \u00e1reas protegidas adquirir\u00e1n mayor importancia para la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad, afirman los cient\u00edficos. Los ecosistemas brindan servicios que van desde la regulaci\u00f3n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":20352,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,1072],"tags":[1154,925,1314,385,1341,468,1338,1337,443,387,1340,434,1339,388],"language":[2169],"location":[12216],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[4080,3135,3327],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[3108],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-20932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-landscapes","tag-almacenamiento-de-carbono","tag-areas-protegidas","tag-bruno-locatelli","tag-cambio-climatico","tag-centroamerica","tag-cirad","tag-conservacion-de-la-biodiversidad","tag-corredores-biologicos","tag-costa-rica","tag-ecosistemas","tag-mesoamerica","tag-mexico","tag-regulacion-del-agua","tag-servicios-ambientales","language-espanol","location-global","tag-espanol-areas-protegidas","tag-espanol-biodiversidad","tag-espanol-conservacion","type-espanol-investigacion"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLos corredores biol\u00f3gicos ayudan a que las plantas se adapten al cambio clim\u00e1tico - estudio - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/20932\/los-corredores-biologicos-ayudan-a-que-las-plantas-se-adapten-al-cambio-climatico-estudio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Los corredores biol\u00f3gicos ayudan a que las plantas se adapten al cambio clim\u00e1tico - estudio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TURRIALBA, Costa Rica (9 de enero de 2014) _A medida que una gama de especies vegetales se desplaza a elevaciones m\u00e1s altas debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico, los corredores biol\u00f3gicos que conectan las \u00e1reas protegidas adquirir\u00e1n mayor importancia para la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad, afirman los cient\u00edficos. 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