{"id":20233,"date":"2013-11-15T04:02:32","date_gmt":"2013-11-14T21:02:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=20233"},"modified":"2015-10-07T14:05:32","modified_gmt":"2015-10-07T07:05:32","slug":"sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/20233\/sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes","title":{"rendered":"Los paisajes II: \u00bfQu\u00e9 son los paisajes?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Este art\u00edculo forma parte de una serie de art\u00edculos sobre paisajes. Vea la Parte 1: <a title=\"Permanent Link to Los paisajes \u2013 Parte 1: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 son importantes?\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/pholmgren#20201\">Los paisajes, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 son importantes?<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Mi pregunta anterior de \u201cpor qu\u00e9\u201d no era ret\u00f3rica \u2013 todas las personas con las que he hablado est\u00e1n de acuerdo en que los paisajes son tremendamente importantes, y tambi\u00e9n coinciden en que son esenciales en gran medida para el bienestar de las personas as\u00ed como para la vida en nuestro planeta.<\/p>\n<p>Preguntar \u201c\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los paisajes?\u201d es m\u00e1s delicado y requiere pensar hacia d\u00f3nde estamos apuntando con los enfoques de paisaje. La manera en que usamos el \u201cpaisaje\u201d deber\u00eda determinarse por el contexto que queremos y por las soluciones que buscamos, y no al rev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>El paisaje mundial se ha usado por cientos de a\u00f1os para abarcar aspectos de arte, leyes y geograf\u00edas. No cito a Wikipedia con frecuencia, pero encontr\u00e9 esclarecedor <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Landscape\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">este art\u00edculo sobre \u201cpaisaje\u201d, <\/a> particularmente la etimolog\u00eda con varias referencias a los paisajes como un modelo social. Tambi\u00e9n menciono un <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1467-8306.1996.tb01770.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">art\u00edculo de Kenneth Olwig<\/a> que explora el concepto hist\u00f3rico a profundidad, que incluso dice que \u201cun concepto sustantivo de paisaje est\u00e1 m\u00e1s interesado en el derecho social y la justicia que en la ley natural o la est\u00e9tica\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>El concepto de enfoques de paisaje para el desarrollo sostenible ha circulado durante d\u00e9cadas. Este reciente <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/110\/21\/8349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">art\u00edculo de PNAS de Jeff Sayer, Terry Sunderland <i>et al<\/i><\/a><i>.<\/i> brinda una buena revisi\u00f3n y tambi\u00e9n destaca c\u00f3mo la Convenci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas sobre Diversidad Biol\u00f3gica, proceso intergubernamental, recientemente ha incluido el concepto de paisaje en su proceso de negociaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces, \u00bfa d\u00f3nde llevamos el concepto de paisaje ahora, dadas todas las experiencias del pasado?<\/p>\n<p><b>Llegando a una definici\u00f3n <\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Al haber trabajado muchos a\u00f1os con <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cpfweb.org\/73036\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">definiciones relacionadas con los bosques,<\/a> soy plenamente consciente de c\u00f3mo las distintas opiniones, posicionamientos, afiliaciones profesionales, agendas pol\u00edticas y sentimientos pueden llevar a discusiones sobre una definici\u00f3n, tal como la de \u201cbosque\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>No me inclino a tener el mismo debate sobre la definici\u00f3n de \u201cpaisaje\u201d. Lo que necesitamos es un entendimiento que sea lo suficientemente gen\u00e9rico y amplio como para incluir todas las combinaciones de forester\u00eda, agricultura y otros usos de la tierra. Y necesitamos una definici\u00f3n que abarque los intereses y acciones de las personas, as\u00ed como tambi\u00e9n la constituci\u00f3n biof\u00edsica del paisaje. En otras palabras, al definir un paisaje necesitamos incluir el alcance del paisaje y los recursos, as\u00ed como tambi\u00e9n la interacci\u00f3n de la sociedad con el paisaje.<\/p>\n<p>El objetivo de un enfoque de paisajes, como lo hemos expresado en los objetivos del <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Foro Global sobre Paisajes<\/a>, es contribuir al desarrollo sostenible y apoyar las acciones para frenar el cambio clim\u00e1tico. Esta es una aspiraci\u00f3n ambiciosa.<\/p>\n<p>Por lo tanto, deber\u00edamos definir \u201cpaisaje\u201d de una manera que no excluya ninguna situaci\u00f3n del mundo real. Igualmente, deber\u00edamos preferiblemente definir \u201cpaisaje\u201d de forma que esta definici\u00f3n pueda ser usada en diversas escalas. Una granja agr\u00edcola es un paisaje. La tierra es el paisaje absoluto. El concepto debe ser v\u00e1lido a lo largo de toda la gama de escalas si queremos cumplir los objetivos arriba mencionados.<\/p>\n<p>Pero no podemos definir un paisaje solamente ubicando un \u00e1rea geogr\u00e1fica y trazando un l\u00edmite en el mapa. Es la dimensi\u00f3n humana la que lo convierte en paisaje. Es decir, tiene que haber alguna forma de instituci\u00f3n(es) para expresar ambiciones para el \u00e1rea geogr\u00e1fica, establecer prioridades y ayudar a transformar estas ambiciones en acciones. Podemos llamar a esto gobernanza del paisaje y deber\u00edamos reconocer que tales mecanismos de gobernanza pueden ser muy distintos y existen como mecanismos totalmente informales as\u00ed como estrictamente formales.<\/p>\n<p>Con esos dos par\u00e1metros b\u00e1sicos &#8211; alcance geogr\u00e1fico y gobernanza \u2013 propongo la siguiente definici\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<p>Paisaje = <b>\u201cUn lugar que cuenta con gobernanza\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p>(1) <b>Un lugar<\/b>: Un paisaje es un \u00e1rea geogr\u00e1fica que puede tener cualquier tama\u00f1o \u2013 de muy peque\u00f1o a muy grande.<\/p>\n<p>(2) <b>que cuenta con gobernanza<\/b>: Hay instituci\u00f3n(es) que considerar\u00e1n opciones para el paisaje y fijar\u00e1n prioridades. El nivel de formalizaci\u00f3n de esta gobernanza puede variar de informal a formal.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/20080\/paysages-partie-2-que-sont-les-paysages\/french-chart-dg-landscape-2\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20090\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-20090\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/French-chart-DG-landscape-2-500x335.png\" alt=\"French chart DG landscape 2\" width=\"500\" height=\"335\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Este gr\u00e1fico ilustra c\u00f3mo se puede plasmar en mapas los distintos tipos de paisajes en estas dos dimensiones. Como podr\u00e1n apreciar, esta es una forma muy inclusiva de definir lo que es un paisaje. De hecho, es tan inclusiva que un determinado lugar siempre ser\u00eda parte de varios paisajes de diferentes escalas al mismo tiempo. Esto est\u00e1 perfectamente bien y tambi\u00e9n refleja los niveles de situaciones de gobernanza simult\u00e1nea en los que nos encontramos.<\/p>\n<p>Esta discusi\u00f3n sobre a qu\u00e9 nos referimos por paisaje ofrece un punto de inicio para el siguiente paso y el tema de mi pr\u00f3ximo blog \u2013 discutir c\u00f3mo podemos determinar objetivos y medir el avance en los paisajes en una forma comparable a lo largo de todas estas situaciones.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Este art\u00edculo forma parte de una serie de art\u00edculos sobre paisajes. Vea la Parte 1: Los paisajes, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 son importantes? Mi pregunta anterior de \u201cpor qu\u00e9\u201d no era ret\u00f3rica \u2013 todas las personas con las que he hablado est\u00e1n de acuerdo en que los paisajes son tremendamente importantes, y tambi\u00e9n coinciden en que son [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[13,1072],"tags":[1122,1286,985,723],"language":[2169],"location":[12216],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[2230],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[2966],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-20233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-governance","category-landscapes","tag-cop19","tag-glf","tag-paisajes","tag-peter-holmgren","language-espanol","location-global","tag-espanol-enfoque-de-paisajes","type-espanol-columna-del-director-general"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Los paisajes II: \u00bfQu\u00e9 son los paisajes? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/20233\/sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Los paisajes II: \u00bfQu\u00e9 son los paisajes?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este art\u00edculo forma parte de una serie de art\u00edculos sobre paisajes. 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Mi pregunta anterior de \u201cpor qu\u00e9\u201d no era ret\u00f3rica \u2013 todas las personas con las que he hablado est\u00e1n de acuerdo en que los paisajes son tremendamente importantes, y tambi\u00e9n coinciden en que son [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/20233\/sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-11-14T21:02:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-10-07T07:05:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Peter Holmgren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/20233\\\/sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/20233\\\/sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Peter Holmgren\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4c6a8d0ab7b85160a0d57a15381a8122\"},\"headline\":\"Los paisajes II: \u00bfQu\u00e9 son los paisajes?\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-11-14T21:02:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-10-07T07:05:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/20233\\\/sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes\"},\"wordCount\":864,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"COP19\",\"GLF\",\"paisajes\",\"Peter Holmgren\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Governance\",\"Landscapes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/20233\\\/sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2013\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/20233\\\/sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/es\\\/20233\\\/sobre-los-paisajes-parte-2-que-son-los-paisajes\",\"name\":\"Los paisajes II: \u00bfQu\u00e9 son los paisajes? 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Vea la Parte 1: Los paisajes, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 son importantes? 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