{"id":162042,"date":"2026-07-31T06:00:31","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T23:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=162042"},"modified":"2026-07-31T23:15:45","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T16:15:45","slug":"la-gobernanza-de-la-tierra-en-el-centro-del-enfoque-de-paisaje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/162042\/la-gobernanza-de-la-tierra-en-el-centro-del-enfoque-de-paisaje","title":{"rendered":"La gobernanza de la tierra en el centro del enfoque de paisaje"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nuestro nuevo nombre, Landscape Alliance, refleja un cambio en la forma en que hacemos ciencia: un enfoque integral del paisaje, sustentado en la investigaci\u00f3n interdisciplinaria y en la necesidad de realizar inversiones de largo plazo en las personas e instituciones que mejor conocen los territorios donde trabajan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El concepto de \u201cenfoques de paisaje\u201d surgi\u00f3 en el campo de la ecolog\u00eda del paisaje, pero cobr\u00f3 un nuevo significado como marco conceptual para la investigaci\u00f3n y el desarrollo a partir de un influyente art\u00edculo publicado por Jeffrey Sayer y sus colegas en 2013. Desde entonces, ha tenido m\u00e1s de una d\u00e9cada para evolucionar y consolidar su influencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para Landscape Alliance, adoptar un enfoque de paisaje implica impulsar cambios sist\u00e9micos, abordar las causas profundas en lugar de solo los s\u00edntomas y combinar la acci\u00f3n ambiental urgente con la protecci\u00f3n de los derechos, los medios de vida y el bienestar de las personas. Como alianza, tambi\u00e9n significa trabajar de manera colaborativa para hacer posible esa transformaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La gobernanza de la tierra es un elemento central de este cambio. Sus normas, procesos e instituciones determinan qui\u00e9n toma las decisiones sobre la tierra, c\u00f3mo se toman y de qu\u00e9 manera se implementan. Sin embargo, la investigaci\u00f3n y las iniciativas de desarrollo relacionadas con la gobernanza y la tenencia de la tierra suelen enfrentarse a malentendidos, adem\u00e1s de complejos desaf\u00edos sociales y pol\u00edticos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desde nuestros respectivos roles en Landscape Alliance \u2014Anne Larson como l\u00edder del equipo de investigaci\u00f3n sobre Gobernanza, Equidad y Bienestar (GEW)<\/a>, y Daniella Silva como especialista en Comunicaciones\u2014 nuestra reciente experiencia asesorando a la Unidad de Apoyo a la Toma de Decisiones<\/a> (Decision Support Unit, DSU) del Land Facility, financiada por la Oficina de Asuntos Exteriores, Commonwealth y Desarrollo del Reino Unido (FCDO), ofrece lecciones valiosas para nuestra organizaci\u00f3n y para otras instituciones que realizan investigaci\u00f3n sobre gobernanza y tenencia de la tierra con el prop\u00f3sito de generar impacto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Aulia Erlangga \/ Landscape Alliance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

La tierra: un tema cargado de significados<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La tierra est\u00e1 estrechamente vinculada con la vida y los medios de subsistencia, la cultura y los derechos, pero tambi\u00e9n con la riqueza, la desigualdad, la explotaci\u00f3n y el despojo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La seguridad de la tenencia de la tierra, que implica claridad sobre qui\u00e9n puede ejercer el conjunto de derechos asociados a un territorio y en qu\u00e9 condiciones, es ampliamente considerada un requisito fundamental para una gobernanza del paisaje que favorezca resultados ambientales y sociales positivos<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No obstante, existen diferencias sobre c\u00f3mo alcanzar esa seguridad de la tenencia e incluso sobre qu\u00e9 constituye una gobernanza de la tierra eficaz o exitosa. Lo que est\u00e1 en juego puede ser enorme, especialmente para las personas cuyas comunidades y medios de vida dependen directamente de la tierra y el territorio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muchos programas de \u201cgobernanza de la tierra\u201d se centran en la regularizaci\u00f3n mediante herramientas t\u00e9cnicas de administraci\u00f3n territorial<\/a>, como el fortalecimiento de los catastros y los procesos de titulaci\u00f3n. Este enfoque suele basarse en una visi\u00f3n que privilegia la propiedad privada de la tierra. Sin embargo, esas intervenciones pueden pasar por alto factores pol\u00edticos y econ\u00f3micos m\u00e1s amplios, como los sistemas consuetudinarios y comunales, la equidad, las relaciones de g\u00e9nero o la estabilidad \u2014o fragilidad\u2014 del Estado, todos ellos determinantes para una gobernanza del paisaje m\u00e1s amplia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En este contexto, un enfoque de econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica (Political Economy Analysis, PEA) \u2014especialmente desde la perspectiva de pensar y actuar pol\u00edticamente<\/a> (Thinking and Working Politically, TWP)\u2014 puede ayudar a conectar ambos mundos y orientar la investigaci\u00f3n y la acci\u00f3n hacia cambios realmente significativos y duraderos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alianzas de aprendizaje para cerrar brechas<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2024 y 2026 trabajamos junto con la DSU para desarrollar productos que ayuden al Land Facility y a otros proyectos a incorporar una perspectiva pol\u00edtica en la b\u00fasqueda de reformas sostenibles en la gobernanza y administraci\u00f3n de la tierra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYa sea replanteando una narrativa, modificando la asignaci\u00f3n presupuestaria o transformando la forma en que funcionan las personas y las instituciones, la acci\u00f3n informada pol\u00edticamente es clave para generar cambios\u201d, se\u00f1alan los autores de Good Practices for Political Engagement and Influencing.<\/em><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La gu\u00eda, publicada recientemente, re\u00fane buenas pr\u00e1cticas, recomendaciones, estrategias y estudios de caso, entre ellos el trabajo de Landscape Alliance en pol\u00edticas forestales en Etiop\u00eda<\/a>. Entre sus principales recomendaciones destacan adoptar una visi\u00f3n de largo plazo mientras se avanza mediante cambios graduales, comprender las causas estructurales del problema que se busca resolver y estar preparados para aprovechar las oportunidades cuando surjan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A la luz de la evidencia disponible, resulta llamativo que tan pocos programas sobre gobernanza de la tierra \u2014centrados en derechos, registro y formalizaci\u00f3n\u2014 hayan analizado o siquiera reconocido los factores pol\u00edticos y econ\u00f3micos que impulsan el cambio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un informe reciente de la DSU, basado en evaluaciones de programas sobre tierras, encontr\u00f3 que solo el 11 % analiz\u00f3 las estrategias de implementaci\u00f3n de los proyectos y los factores contextuales que influyeron en sus resultados. Aunque la revisi\u00f3n hall\u00f3 evidencia s\u00f3lida de que la titulaci\u00f3n contribuye a fortalecer la seguridad de la tenencia, encontr\u00f3 muy pocos an\u00e1lisis sobre cu\u00e1les son los enfoques m\u00e1s adecuados para lograr reformas exitosas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El estudio<\/a> tambi\u00e9n revel\u00f3 que la mayor\u00eda de los resultados se registraron a nivel de hogares o comunidades, en lugar de medir cambios a escala nacional o institucional. Asimismo, las evaluaciones prestaron poca atenci\u00f3n a los mecanismos causales, la econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica, los procesos de reforma de la gobernanza o las conexiones entre distintos sectores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El an\u00e1lisis tambi\u00e9n plantea la necesidad de reconocer las limitaciones de las evaluaciones cuantitativas rigurosas para comprender reformas de gobernanza complejas y altamente dependientes del contexto. Sus autores sostienen que estos procesos se entienden mejor mediante enfoques basados en teor\u00edas del cambio, evaluaciones realistas y metodolog\u00edas mixtas, especialmente cuando el objetivo es influir en las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas y no \u00fanicamente financiar programas de titulaci\u00f3n de tierras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implicaciones para Landscape Alliance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El trabajo de la DSU en econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica contribuye a fortalecer la comprensi\u00f3n y el apoyo a la gobernanza de la tierra, en consonancia con la Estrategia 2025-2035 de Landscape Alliance<\/a>, la cual sostiene que el cambio requiere \u201ccomprender las relaciones de poder mediante enfoques de econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica y ecolog\u00eda pol\u00edtica para crear las condiciones habilitantes que permitan ampliar soluciones de impacto y respaldar transformaciones de largo plazo\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La investigaci\u00f3n sobre gobernanza y tenencia de la tierra, cuando se desarrolla de manera conjunta con los socios locales y est\u00e1 arraigada en los territorios, puede contribuir a garantizar, a lo largo del tiempo, los derechos y los medios de vida de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas, las comunidades locales y los peque\u00f1os productores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el actual contexto denominado \u201cpost-ayuda\u201d, identificar soluciones estrat\u00e9gicas adaptadas a cada realidad requiere comprender los obst\u00e1culos y oportunidades pol\u00edticas y econ\u00f3micas, as\u00ed como mantener un compromiso de largo plazo con los socios que trabajan en el territorio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Agradecimientos<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Para conocer m\u00e1s publicaciones y recursos desarrollados por la DSU, visite su p\u00e1gina<\/a> en el sitio web de Land Portal Foundation. <\/em>Entre 2024 y 2026, Landscape Alliance fue socio de la Decision Support Unit (DSU) del Land Facility<\/a>, financiada por la Oficina de Asuntos Exteriores, Commonwealth y Desarrollo del Reino Unido (FCDO)<\/a>. El Land Facility brinda asistencia t\u00e9cnica a gobiernos nacionales para enfrentar desaf\u00edos relacionados con la gobernanza de la tierra. Liderada por Abt Global Britain, la DSU apoy\u00f3 la toma de decisiones adaptativa mediante la producci\u00f3n e intercambio de conocimiento, el an\u00e1lisis de econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica y enfoques de aprendizaje orientados a la gesti\u00f3n adaptativa.<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vista a\u00e9rea del r\u00edo Amazonas y la selva tropical, cerca de Manaos, la capital del estado brasile\u00f1o de Amazonas. 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Larson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bd2178e24e54298dd1858d856f97b99fb4a1a18673cc6ff3c933e218618414f?s=96&d=mm&r=g4ed83ae5d851796b4986e2a808759c5d\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bd2178e24e54298dd1858d856f97b99fb4a1a18673cc6ff3c933e218618414f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bd2178e24e54298dd1858d856f97b99fb4a1a18673cc6ff3c933e218618414f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Anne M. Larson\"},\"description\":\"Anne M. Larson conducts research on multiple aspects of forest and landscape governance policy and institutions, including property rights, climate change, decentralization, indigenous territories and gender, from local to international scales. She obtained her undergraduate degree in Environmental Science from Stanford University and her PhD in 2001 from U.C. Berkeley in Wildland Resource Science, with an emphasis on resource policy and institutions. Her current work includes developing research strategies, projects and methodologies; fundraising; supervising and conducting research; writing and editing books, reports, article, briefs and more popular materials such as illustrated training manuals and flyers in indigenous languages; networking with policy-makers, NGOs and grassroots organizations for impact; and project management. She is a member of the council of the International Association for the Study of the Commons (IASC, 2014-16) and represents CIFOR to the Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI). Before moving full time to CIFOR\u2019s office in Lima, Peru, Anne lived in Nicaragua, where she did consultancies with multiple numerous organizations including GIZ, the Nicaraguan Forestry Institute (INAFOR), World Resources Institute (WRI), Ford Foundation, the Nitlapan Institute for Research and Development and the World Bank, among others. She has done both more traditional and action research, as well as supporting innovative efforts such as the design of a diploma course for indigenous communities and community leaders. Prior to obtaining her PhD, she worked as a journalist, activist and lobbyist. Current research priorities include opportunities and challenges for forest tenure reforms; women\u2019s rights to land in communal forests; and multilevel governance, REDD+ and low emissions development. 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