{"id":16094,"date":"2013-05-17T20:36:40","date_gmt":"2013-05-17T13:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=16094"},"modified":"2015-10-07T18:03:51","modified_gmt":"2015-10-07T11:03:51","slug":"mas-alla-del-almacenamiento-de-carbono-el-bosque-de-la-cuenca-del-congo-como-generador-de-lluvia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/16094\/mas-alla-del-almacenamiento-de-carbono-el-bosque-de-la-cuenca-del-congo-como-generador-de-lluvia","title":{"rendered":"El rol del bosque de la cuenca del Congo como generador de lluvia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las respuestas al cambio clim\u00e1tico se agrupan en dos categor\u00edas principales: mitigaci\u00f3n (reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero responsables del cambio clim\u00e1tico) y adaptaci\u00f3n (ajuste de los medios y los estilos de vida debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico). Entre las estrategias de adaptaci\u00f3n, la adaptaci\u00f3n basada en ecosistemas (EbA, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) es un enfoque que promueve formas de utilizaci\u00f3n de los recursos naturales y la biodiversidad que ayuden a desarrollar estrategias de adaptaci\u00f3n para las comunidades vulnerables. En este contexto, estudios recientes destacan el papel que los bosques de la cuenca del Congo desempe\u00f1an en la generaci\u00f3n de precipitaciones, tanto en la regi\u00f3n como en todo el continente.<\/p>\n

La lluvia en un ecosistema se origina a partir de tres fuentes principales: la humedad presente en la atm\u00f3sfera, la humedad que viene de fuera de la regi\u00f3n, y la evapotranspiraci\u00f3n de superficies dentro del ecosistema (bosques y otros usos de la tierra). Pokam et al<\/i><\/a>. estudiaron c\u00f3mo el clima de la cuenca del Congo es b\u00e1sicamente el resultado de la humedad del oc\u00e9ano Atl\u00e1ntico y el proceso del reciclaje de la evapotranspiraci\u00f3n. Estudios anteriores<\/a> hab\u00edan determinado que los bosques tropicales como la cuenca del Congo pueden evaporar uno y hasta dos metros de agua por a\u00f1o. Adem\u00e1s, las investigaciones de Makarieva et al<\/i><\/a>. sugieren que la cobertura forestal de la regi\u00f3n act\u00faa como una bomba, atrayendo la humedad del oc\u00e9ano hacia el continente hasta que finalmente se convierte en lluvia en esa regi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Teniendo en mente este rol de los bosques como generadores de lluvia, Nogherotto et al<\/i><\/a>. analizaron los impactos de la deforestaci\u00f3n en la cuenca del Congo en ciclos hidrol\u00f3gicos regionales, incluyendo los efectos sobre el monz\u00f3n africano. Realizaron modelos en los que la cuenca est\u00e1 arbolada y la compararon con otros donde la misma cuenca est\u00e1 deforestada (es decir, un modelo en el que la cobertura forestal es transformada en una cobertura de pasto corto). Sus resultados indican que la deforestaci\u00f3n en la cuenca del Congo provocar\u00eda modificaciones en el r\u00e9gimen de precipitaciones en el Sahel y sobre el sur del \u00c1frica ecuatorial.<\/p>\n

Tomados en conjunto, estos tres estudios muestran c\u00f3mo la cuenca del Congo act\u00faa como un mecanismo para bombear agua del oc\u00e9ano Atl\u00e1ntico, de fuentes subterr\u00e1neas y del suelo. A continuaci\u00f3n estas fuentes se mezclan con el agua presente en la atmosfera, generando precipitaciones a nivel local y subcontinental. Sin los extensos bosques de la cuenca del Congo este proceso se ver\u00eda gravemente perturbado. Adem\u00e1s, estos estudios ayudan a resaltar otras funciones importantes de los bosques de la cuenca del Congo, m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad y la mitigaci\u00f3n del cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

Con las crecientes pruebas cient\u00edficas de los m\u00faltiples roles que desempe\u00f1an los bosques de la cuenca del Congo a escala regional, continental y mundial, se refuerzan los argumentos para la conservaci\u00f3n de los bosques, el buen manejo forestal y m\u00faltiples fuentes de ingresos que apoyen las diversas funciones de los bosques. Teniendo en cuenta su papel de generadores de lluvia, mantener los bosques de la cuenca del Congo puede ser una de las bases de la adaptaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico basada en ecosistemas para gran parte de \u00c1frica.<\/p>\n

Denis Sonwa es un investigador del Programa Bosques y Medio Ambiente de CIFOR. Puede escribirle a la siguiente direcci\u00f3n de correo electr\u00f3<\/strong><\/em>nico: d.sonwa@cgiar.org<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las respuestas al cambio clim\u00e1tico se agrupan en dos categor\u00edas principales: mitigaci\u00f3n (reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero responsables del cambio clim\u00e1tico) y adaptaci\u00f3n (ajuste de los medios y los estilos de vida debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico). Entre las estrategias de adaptaci\u00f3n, la adaptaci\u00f3n basada en ecosistemas (EbA, por sus siglas en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":35422,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,95,180],"tags":[384,1059,1057,1065,385,1063,390,1066,1058,1061,442,1060,1064,1068],"language":[2169],"location":[12247,12221],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[3963,3492],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[3103],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[873],"class_list":["post-16094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-human-wellbeing","category-mitigating-climate-change","tag-adaptacion","tag-adaptacion-basada-en-ecosistemas","tag-africa-central","tag-africa-ecuatorial","tag-cambio-climatico","tag-cuenca-del-congo","tag-deforestacion","tag-denis-sonwa","tag-eba","tag-makarieva-et-al","tag-mitigacion","tag-pokam-et-al","tag-regimen-de-precipitaciones","tag-tribuna-de-expertos-cifor","language-espanol","location-africa","location-congo-basin","tag-espanol-lluvia","tag-espanol-sequia","type-espanol-opinan-los-expertos"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEl rol del bosque de la cuenca del Congo como generador de lluvia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/16094\/mas-alla-del-almacenamiento-de-carbono-el-bosque-de-la-cuenca-del-congo-como-generador-de-lluvia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El rol del bosque de la cuenca del Congo como generador de lluvia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Las respuestas al cambio clim\u00e1tico se agrupan en dos categor\u00edas principales: mitigaci\u00f3n (reducci\u00f3n de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero responsables del cambio clim\u00e1tico) y adaptaci\u00f3n (ajuste de los medios y los estilos de vida debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico). 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