{"id":157146,"date":"2026-03-20T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T02:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/157146\/congo-basin-forests-underfunded-part1"},"modified":"2026-03-21T07:32:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T00:32:24","slug":"congo-basin-forests-underfunded-part1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/157146\/congo-basin-forests-underfunded-part1","title":{"rendered":"Bosques clave para el planeta, financiamiento insuficiente: una mirada a la cuenca del Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Este es el primero de una serie de dos art\u00edculos de opini\u00f3n que examinan por qu\u00e9 la cuenca del Congo recibe mucho menos financiamiento forestal que otras regiones tropicales.<\/em><\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La cuenca del Congo absorbe seis veces m\u00e1s di\u00f3xido de carbono que la Amazon\u00eda<\/a>. Sin embargo, recibe una fracci\u00f3n m\u00ednima del dinero global invertido en la mejora de la gesti\u00f3n forestal y la conservaci\u00f3n. Tras dos d\u00e9cadas trabajando en pol\u00edticas de bosques tropicales, hemos llegado a considerar este desequilibrio como uno de los fallos de mercado m\u00e1s peligrosos en las finanzas clim\u00e1ticas globales. Y est\u00e1 empeorando incluso cuando los compromisos financieros aumentan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2008 y 2017, el financiamiento internacional para bosques tropicales se distribuy\u00f3 aproximadamente de la siguiente manera: Sudeste Asi\u00e1tico 55 %, Amazon\u00eda 34 % y cuenca del Congo 11 %. Ese patr\u00f3n no ha cambiado realmente durante la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solo Noruega ha canalizado 1200 millones de d\u00f3lares hacia Brasil a trav\u00e9s del Fondo Amazon\u00eda desde 2008. En 2010, el pa\u00eds firm\u00f3 un acuerdo REDD+<\/a> comparable por 1000 millones de d\u00f3lares con Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Iniciativa Forestal de \u00c1frica Central (CAFI), que agrupa a seis pa\u00edses de la cuenca del Congo, ha movilizado 680 millones de d\u00f3lares en compromisos totales a trav\u00e9s de dos cartas de intenci\u00f3n con la Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo (RDC) \u2014200 millones en 2016<\/a> y 500 millones en 2021<\/a>\u2014, junto con alianzas adicionales con Gab\u00f3n, la Rep\u00fablica del Congo, Camer\u00fan y Guinea Ecuatorial. Sin embargo, los desembolsos han sido lentos. A finales de 2020, solo se hab\u00edan transferido 202 millones de d\u00f3lares. Aunque los desembolsos se aceleraron en 2024 (alcanzando 122 millones<\/a> ese a\u00f1o), la brecha entre los compromisos y el dinero efectivamente entregado sigue siendo amplia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Para leer<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Cinco acciones urgentes para proteger los bosques del mundo en la pr\u00f3xima d\u00e9cada<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Para ponerlo en perspectiva, tanto en t\u00e9rminos monetarios como por hect\u00e1rea: los compromisos totales de CAFI con la RDC desde su creaci\u00f3n en 2015 \u2014unos 700 millones de d\u00f3lares\u2014 equivalen aproximadamente a dos tercios de lo que Noruega, por s\u00ed sola, ha prometido a un solo pa\u00eds en la Amazon\u00eda desde 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Amazon\u00eda atrae aproximadamente 1,14 d\u00f3lares por hect\u00e1rea al a\u00f1o en financiamiento forestal tropical. El Sudeste Asi\u00e1tico recibe entre 1,50 y 2,10 d\u00f3lares. Los pa\u00edses de la cuenca del Congo reciben entre 0,21 y 0,50 d\u00f3lares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una conservaci\u00f3n significativa solo en la RDC requerir\u00eda entre 10 y 15 d\u00f3lares por hect\u00e1rea al a\u00f1o. Para los 143 millones de hect\u00e1reas de bosque del pa\u00eds, eso se traduce en m\u00e1s de 500 millones de d\u00f3lares anuales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Center for Global Development<\/a> ha estimado el valor anual del servicio de eliminaci\u00f3n de carbono de la cuenca del Congo en 55 000 millones de d\u00f3lares. Mientras tanto, la ayuda al desarrollo forestal en \u00c1frica promedia apenas 170 millones de d\u00f3lares al a\u00f1o. Esta relaci\u00f3n de aproximadamente 150 a 1 entre el valor del servicio y la compensaci\u00f3n representa quiz\u00e1 el fallo de mercado m\u00e1s llamativo en la pol\u00edtica clim\u00e1tica global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vista a\u00e9rea del bosque en Yangambi, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo. Foto de Axel Fassio\/CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 este desequilibrio?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

La explicaci\u00f3n inmediata que se cita con m\u00e1s frecuencia para esta brecha de financiamiento es la gobernanza. Los pa\u00edses de la cuenca del Congo obtienen puntuaciones bajas en la lucha contra la corrupci\u00f3n, la transparencia, el estado de derecho y los \u00edndices de facilidad para hacer negocios. Por ello, tanto los inversionistas p\u00fablicos como los privados son cautelosos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero la gobernanza explica, como mucho, una parte de la historia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indonesia y Brasil obtienen puntuaciones similares a las de los pa\u00edses de la cuenca del Congo en el \u00cdndice de Percepci\u00f3n de la Corrupci\u00f3n de Transparencia Internacional<\/a> \u2014todos por debajo del punto medio de 50, que comparten m\u00e1s de dos tercios de los pa\u00edses del mundo\u2014. Sin embargo, Indonesia y Brasil reciben mucho m\u00e1s financiamiento forestal que la cuenca del Congo. Las puntuaciones de gobernanza por s\u00ed solas no explican la brecha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entonces, \u00bfqu\u00e9 m\u00e1s podr\u00eda estar ocurriendo? Aqu\u00ed hay algunas hip\u00f3tesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El efecto de las cadenas de suministro de materias primas<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Un factor poco considerado reside en los mercados globales de commodities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para bien o para mal, el aceite de palma, el caucho, la soya, la carne de res y la madera conectan directamente los bosques de Brasil y del Sudeste Asi\u00e1tico con los balances de las corporaciones multinacionales, sus bancos y sus accionistas. Estas din\u00e1micas de cadena de suministro crean actores corporativos interesados en la conservaci\u00f3n y generan presi\u00f3n reputacional para reducir la deforestaci\u00f3n. Activan amplias dependencias y conexiones globales que a\u00fan no existen en los pa\u00edses de la cuenca del Congo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Procesamiento de caf\u00e9 en las instalaciones del programa cafetero en Yangambi, provincia de Tshopo, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo. Foto de Axel Fassio\/CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Procesamiento de caf\u00e9 en las instalaciones del programa cafetero en Yangambi, provincia de Tshopo, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo. Foto de Axel Fassio\/CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Vivero de palma aceitera en Yangambi, provincia de Tshopo, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo. Foto de Axel Fassio\/CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Por ejemplo, cuando Wilmar International adopt\u00f3 una pol\u00edtica de cero deforestaci\u00f3n en 2013, desencaden\u00f3 una ola de compromisos corporativos en toda la industria del aceite de palma. En una d\u00e9cada, Indonesia redujo la deforestaci\u00f3n asociada al aceite de palma a aproximadamente el 18 %<\/a> de sus niveles m\u00e1ximos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El colectivo Rimba<\/a>, respaldado por Nestl\u00e9, PepsiCo, Procter & Gamble y Wilmar, ahora busca movilizar 1000 millones de d\u00f3lares en inversiones para la conservaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En comparaci\u00f3n, los pa\u00edses de la cuenca del Congo cuentan con muy pocas empresas con este tipo de dependencias, conexiones y presi\u00f3n reputacional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La deforestaci\u00f3n en la cuenca del Congo sigue estando impulsada principalmente por la agricultura de subsistencia y actividades relacionadas (producci\u00f3n de carb\u00f3n vegetal y extracci\u00f3n de madera), lo que genera una d\u00e9bil capacidad de presi\u00f3n corporativa y de las cadenas de suministro internacionales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Construcci\u00f3n de horno mejorado utilizando \u00e1rboles de una plantaci\u00f3n de acacia en Yanonge, provincia de Tshopo, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo. Foto de Axel Fassio\/CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Producci\u00f3n de carb\u00f3n vegetal sostenible a partir de un horno mejorado, utilizando \u00e1rboles de una plantaci\u00f3n de acacia en Yanonge, provincia de Tshopo, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo. Foto de Axel Fassio\/CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

La falla de dise\u00f1o de REDD+<\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Otro problema estructural radica en el dise\u00f1o del propio REDD+.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El marco de REDD+ fue dise\u00f1ado para recompensar la reducci\u00f3n de la deforestaci\u00f3n en lugar del mantenimiento de los bosques en pie. Esto cre\u00f3 una din\u00e1mica perversa: los pa\u00edses que ya hab\u00edan destruido grandes \u00e1reas forestales y luego redujeron esa destrucci\u00f3n (Brasil, Indonesia) recibieron pagos, mientras que los pa\u00edses que mantuvieron sus bosques intactos (Gab\u00f3n, Rep\u00fablica del Congo) no lo hicieron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La l\u00f3gica de \u201cpeor primero, pago primero\u201d canaliz\u00f3 sistem\u00e1ticamente el financiamiento lejos de los lugares donde los bosques se conservaron intactos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El nuevo Fondo Bosques Tropicales para Siempre (TFFF por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s)<\/a> parece dise\u00f1ada para corregir esta falla, pero a\u00fan no est\u00e1 plenamente operativa ni financiada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tambi\u00e9n lea<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Herramienta interactiva proyecta escenarios futuros para los bosques de la RDC<\/a><\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

La brecha de monitoreo<\/strong><\/mark><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sin sistemas de monitoreo, reporte y verificaci\u00f3n (MRV), los pa\u00edses no pueden demostrar reducciones de emisiones y, por lo tanto, no pueden acceder a pagos basados en resultados, independientemente de cu\u00e1nto carbono absorban realmente sus bosques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brasil ha operado monitoreo satelital de la deforestaci\u00f3n desde 1988 a trav\u00e9s de su Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales (INPE), con aproximadamente 2.000 empleados. Indonesia ha desarrollado un sistema nacional de MRV que ha demostrado 577 millones de toneladas de reducciones verificadas de emisiones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pap\u00faa Nueva Guinea<\/a> invirti\u00f3 una d\u00e9cada en construir un Inventario Forestal Nacional que permiti\u00f3 su primer pago REDD+ basado en resultados, por 63,4 millones de d\u00f3lares, del Fondo Verde para el Clima en 2025<\/a>. Pap\u00faa Nueva Guinea tiene una puntuaci\u00f3n similar a varios pa\u00edses de la cuenca del Congo en el \u00cdndice de Percepci\u00f3n de la Corrupci\u00f3n, y aun as\u00ed logr\u00f3 acceder a financiamiento clim\u00e1tico basado en resultados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La lecci\u00f3n es clara: la infraestructura cient\u00edfica y los datos s\u00f3lidos, transparentes y verificables no son un lujo, sino un requisito previo para acceder al financiamiento clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con la posible excepci\u00f3n de Gab\u00f3n, los pa\u00edses de la cuenca del Congo carecen de sistemas nacionales de monitoreo de esta escala. Lo que s\u00ed tiene la regi\u00f3n es un importante apoyo internacional a la investigaci\u00f3n, que crece d\u00eda a d\u00eda con m\u00faltiples iniciativas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Parcela de afrormosia y observaci\u00f3n fenol\u00f3gica realizadas por t\u00e9cnicos de INERA en Yangambi, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica del Congo. Foto de Axel Fassio\/CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Durante m\u00e1s de dos d\u00e9cadas, por ejemplo, la Comisi\u00f3n Europea ha apoyado la creaci\u00f3n, actualizaci\u00f3n y mejora del Observatorio de Bosques de \u00c1frica Central (OFAC)<\/a>, coordinado por el Centro para la Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Internacional y Centro Internacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Agroforestal (CIFOR-ICRAF) y ahora una unidad especializada de la Comisi\u00f3n de Bosques de \u00c1frica Central (COMIFAC<\/a>). Este organismo regional se ha convertido en la principal infraestructura de conocimiento de la regi\u00f3n. La publicaci\u00f3n insignia de OFAC, El estado de los bosques de la cuenca del Congo<\/a><\/em>, se ha producido siete veces desde 2005. La edici\u00f3n de 2021 moviliz\u00f3 a 152 autores en 13 cap\u00edtulos y sigue siendo la referencia m\u00e1s completa para quienes trabajan en los bosques de \u00c1frica Central.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero OFAC, sus socios y otras iniciativas no pueden sustituir lo que en \u00faltima instancia se necesita: sistemas de monitoreo de propiedad nacional que los gobiernos de la cuenca del Congo puedan operar, mantener y escalar de forma independiente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

> Lee la Parte 2 de esta serie, que examina los desaf\u00edos institucionales m\u00e1s profundos que enfrenta la cuenca del Congo y lo que se necesitar\u00e1 para asegurar su futuro.<\/em><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Este es el primero de una serie de dos art\u00edculos de opini\u00f3n que examinan por qu\u00e9 la cuenca del Congo recibe mucho menos financiamiento forestal que otras regiones tropicales. La cuenca del Congo absorbe seis veces m\u00e1s di\u00f3xido de carbono que la Amazon\u00eda. Sin embargo, recibe una fracci\u00f3n m\u00ednima del dinero global invertido en la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":156941,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12078,12134,12034],"tags":[12710,12711,12712,12713,12704,12714],"language":[2169],"location":[12247,12221],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[3135,2222,6413,3351],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[9703],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[12379,2424,8171],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[851,1561],"class_list":["post-157146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deforestacion","category-forests-news-es","category-manejo-y-restauracion-forestal","tag-climate-finance","tag-congo-basin","tag-conservation-funding","tag-deforestation","tag-forest-governance","tag-redd","language-espanol","location-africa","location-congo-basin","tag-espanol-biodiversidad","tag-espanol-bosques","tag-espanol-cambio-climatico","tag-espanol-deforestacion","type-espanol-diainternacionaldelosbosques","type-english-analysis","type-english-analysis-opinion","type-english-opinions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Congo Basin forests remain underfunded<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Congo Basin absorbs vast carbon but receives little funding. 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