{"id":11575,"date":"2012-11-09T13:27:44","date_gmt":"2012-11-09T13:27:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=11575"},"modified":"2015-07-30T15:59:46","modified_gmt":"2015-07-30T08:59:46","slug":"silvicultura-sostenible-a-la-sueca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/11575\/silvicultura-sostenible-a-la-sueca","title":{"rendered":"Silvicultura sostenible a la sueca"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sustainable Forestry - the Swedish model.mov\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/D0uAIOT66Wo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u00bfPodr\u00eda el \u201cmodelo sueco\u201d de manejo forestal sostenible ser parte de la soluci\u00f3n para la silvicultura en otros lugares del mundo? Esta es la pregunta hecha al final de este video que Suecia present\u00f3 por primera vez en la conferencia R\u00edo+20, en junio pasado.<\/p>\n<p>La historia de los bosques suecos abarca 100 a\u00f1os de desarrollo de pol\u00edticas, objetivos m\u00faltiples y cambiantes de manejo forestal, y las percepciones de las diferentes partes interesadas. Ciertamente es una historia que vale la pena contar. Tambi\u00e9n reconozco mis propias ra\u00edces \u2013 los forestales suecos son formados con ciertas perspectivas sobre c\u00f3mo se deber\u00edan manejar los bosques. Sin embargo, en este momento, quiero compartir algunos pensamientos sobre los mensajes en el video, habi\u00e9ndome ocupado por mucho m\u00e1s tiempo en temas de silvicultura internacional que en los de Suecia.<\/p>\n<p>Primero, valoro el enfoque y el mensaje clave sobre objetivos m\u00faltiples en la silvicultura. Realmente, los primeros cuatro minutos tratan sobre el aumento de la producci\u00f3n de madera a trav\u00e9s de la restauraci\u00f3n los paisajes forestales degradados y la intensificaci\u00f3n del manejo de los bosques. Pero en los \u00faltimos 20 a\u00f1os, como resultado de una presi\u00f3n del movimiento ecologista, se desarroll\u00f3 una nueva pol\u00edtica y legislaci\u00f3n forestal (Ley Forestal 1993) para garantizar que el medio ambiente y la producci\u00f3n forestal sean metas de igual importancia. En la segunda mitad del video se destacan otros objetivos \u2013 desde productos recreativos y no maderables, hasta las oportunidades que brinda la silvicultura para la econom\u00eda de base biol\u00f3gica.<\/p>\n<p>Para un p\u00fablico internacional, probablemente yo enfatizar\u00eda a\u00fan m\u00e1s los objetivos m\u00faltiples. Uno queda con la impresi\u00f3n de que la silvicultura sueca se trata exactamente de dos cosas \u2013 maximizar la producci\u00f3n sostenible y comercial de la madera y maximizar la biodiversidad forestal. El debate p\u00fablico se ha vuelto algo polarizado, y otros objetivos \u2013 en particular los socioecon\u00f3micos \u2013 se han vuelto menos visibles. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.naturskyddsforeningen.se\/upload\/skog\/Under%20the%20Cover%20of%20the%20Swedish%20Forestry%20Model_l%C3%A5guppl%C3%B6st.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Un informe de una de las principales ONGs suecas <\/a> alega que el modelo sueco ha llevado a una considerable p\u00e9rdida de biodiversidad, ilustrado con muchos ejemplos gr\u00e1ficos. Sin embargo, el informe tambi\u00e9n ilustra el debate polarizado \u2013 sin referencias a objetivos de silvicultura que no sean la producci\u00f3n de madera y la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad.<\/p>\n<p>Mi segundo pensamiento es acerca del panorama m\u00e1s amplio del desarrollo y de las personas que dependen de los bosques y la tierra. La imagen de hace cien a\u00f1os no era solamente de un paisaje forestal degradado, sino tambi\u00e9n de agricultores pobres y trabajadores forestales que buscaban ganarse la vida con la tierra. La historia de \u00e9xito del aumento de recursos forestales es tambi\u00e9n la historia de poblaciones rurales que migran para encontrar mejores oportunidades en las ciudades o en pa\u00edses lejanos.<\/p>\n<p>En ese sentido, la mayor\u00eda de los actuales 300 mil peque\u00f1os propietarios forestales en Suecia viven lejos de sus bosques y no dependen de ellos econ\u00f3micamente de manera significativa. Dichas transiciones parecen ser comunes en algunas econom\u00edas que est\u00e1n emergiendo actualmente, y esto puede ser una parte importante del entendimiento contempor\u00e1neo acerca del desarrollo forestal y agr\u00edcola.<\/p>\n<p>Como ya se ha mencionado, el video dedica alg\u00fan tiempo a ilustrar el conflicto entre la silvicultura comercial y la conservaci\u00f3n de la naturaleza. Uno se pregunta \u00bfen qu\u00e9 medida este conflicto se parece, por ejemplo, a la expansi\u00f3n de bosques sembrados que vemos en muchos lugares tropicales hoy en d\u00eda? Ciertamente existen similitudes. Particularmente entre las d\u00e9cadas de los a\u00f1os sesenta y ochenta, se talaron grandes \u00e1reas de bosques suecos, se cambio el uso del suelo y se plantaron rodales de monocultivo de variedades de \u00e1rboles de r\u00e1pido crecimiento, algunas veces ex\u00f3ticos.<\/p>\n<p>Pero tambi\u00e9n hay diferencias. El entorno ecol\u00f3gico de un bosque sueco es menos diverso que el de un bosque h\u00famedo tropical. Los bosques plantados con especies nativas, en las condiciones caracter\u00edsticas del hemisferio norte y si son manejados apropiadamente y cumpliendo las pol\u00edticas actuales, pueden alcanzar estados relativamente cercanos a estados \u201cnaturales\u201d. Por lo tanto, si bien deber\u00edamos ser muy cuidadosos cuando comparamos las situaciones desde una perspectiva ecol\u00f3gica, puede haber una raz\u00f3n para comparar notas sobre el contexto de la pol\u00edtica, y particularmente la forma en que las pol\u00edticas que respaldan objetivos m\u00faltiples pueden desarrollarse y aplicarse.<\/p>\n<p>Entonces, \u00bfpuede el \u201cmodelo sueco\u201d ser una soluci\u00f3n para la silvicultura en otros lugares? Ciertamente puede contribuir al debate. La perspectiva de largo plazo en el desarrollo de pol\u00edticas y la inclusi\u00f3n gradual de objetivos m\u00faltiples son muy relevantes, a pesar de que tambi\u00e9n pienso que el \u201cmodelo sueco\u201d podr\u00eda beneficiarse con experiencias de otros lugares. Nos da una perspectiva hist\u00f3rica importante, pero trata demasiado acerca de los \u00e1rboles y muy poco acerca de las personas. Una cita muy conocida del difunto <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nzjf.org\/free_issues\/NZJF34_2_1989\/CC73E8C4-6EFD-4668-9415-82F61BDFB217.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Jack Westoby<\/a>, autor de <em>The purpose of forests (El objetivo de los bosques), <\/em>dice que \u201cLa silvicultura no es acerca de los \u00e1rboles, es acerca de las personas. Y solamente es acerca de los \u00e1rboles, siempre y cuando responda a las necesidades de las personas.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ahora bien !eso tambi\u00e9n es un modelo!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfPodr\u00eda el \u201cmodelo sueco\u201d de manejo forestal sostenible ser parte de la soluci\u00f3n para la silvicultura en otros lugares del mundo? Esta es la pregunta hecha al final de este video que Suecia present\u00f3 por primera vez en la conferencia R\u00edo+20, en junio pasado. La historia de los bosques suecos abarca 100 a\u00f1os de desarrollo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[294,724,723,695],"language":[2169],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[2966],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[680],"class_list":["post-11575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forests-news","tag-bosques","tag-manejo-forestal-sostenible","tag-peter-holmgren","tag-silvicultura","language-espanol","type-espanol-columna-del-director-general"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Silvicultura sostenible a la sueca - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/11575\/silvicultura-sostenible-a-la-sueca\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Silvicultura sostenible a la sueca\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00bfPodr\u00eda el \u201cmodelo sueco\u201d de manejo forestal sostenible ser parte de la soluci\u00f3n para la silvicultura en otros lugares del mundo? 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