{"id":11218,"date":"2012-10-24T15:39:25","date_gmt":"2012-10-24T15:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=11218"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:50:40","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:50:40","slug":"compartiendo-la-tierra-con-tigres-en-nepal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/11218\/compartiendo-la-tierra-con-tigres-en-nepal","title":{"rendered":"Compartiendo la tierra con tigres en Nepal"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_11219\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11219\" style=\"width: 352px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11219\" title=\"\" alt=\"Fotograf\u00eda cortes\u00eda de Eric Lon\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/Tigre-Polex-october-352x234.jpg\" width=\"352\" height=\"234\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11219\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tigre en el Parque Nacional de Chitwan, Nepal. Fotograf\u00eda cortes\u00eda de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/54724780@N00\/4173643227\/in\/photostream\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Eric Lon<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Existe un intenso debate en la literatura cient\u00edfica sobre si la mejor manera de asegurar la permanencia de la biodiversidad global es a trav\u00e9s de \u00abcompartir tierras\u00bb o a trav\u00e9s de \u00abahorrar tierras\u00bb (<a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?e=001qarCpElnEG0nA0drjQ2GOvi_uqSoNEbEfFOjBVhn-rH15rkpb76JQVmMvSqeUT6yDcLarcc8hNzlAhCnjO5JT4mW4mqDzVWhXamQubG-ODqaMlvYqZn6CNj0sy6BT6BKFEKGmkK3TNiU8joDmEY8IVZQ8mFC6X0m\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Godfray et al. 2010<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?e=001qarCpElnEG1rHtNHZGXlJzgzxmHGdbLc2lT9tFh9I-UfuDfETnmy4ULDrpzaazE7jS_GqvSyktjfO4Hu7VQPBie4Q01T0N81dkQ0OsVpjL6gLAys4zW_xifuQx-2IFDev0PFxOf8EWIBUzov7Ekh-g==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Perfecto y Vandermeer 2010<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?e=001qarCpElnEG0jSDokHVpokX95o0zOH8QJX33hnTrrQB8T7o7_JweNn_j1x2AI49IV71wDwXqK6jp_f7ph4u_Qp6NPtFNVPuNB93ZtBTywKShqFpFL-UJ_1drMROwFUGVU8xijDdrW_EATRv7zCuxlJPVyEUZhg5et\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Phalan et al. 2011<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?e=001qarCpElnEG0575Q2VcSYmPowK9nCxGI8l8QHupYLPJngh1yFcKV0xsKUCUfQDFHfNmherOWu6zT-Q2G0bzVt9CWGskkM-Ef8OLyMIjDHeCkD7yRZzU5qAPw3AtS7nSlt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Tscharntke et al. 2012<\/a>). Los que proponen el \u00abahorro de tierras\u00bb argumentan que el modo m\u00e1s eficaz de conservar la biodiversidad es intensificar la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola en los terrenos m\u00e1s f\u00e9rtiles de forma que otras tierras se puedan reservar para la flora y fauna silvestre. Quienes defienden la opci\u00f3n de \u00abcompartir tierras\u00bb abogan por hacer hincapi\u00e9 en pr\u00e1cticas de uso de la tierra sostenibles y respetuosas con la vida silvestre, que limiten el uso de plaguicidas, y con cultivos diversificados, para mantener la biodiversidad y producir alimentos y madera en un mundo cada vez m\u00e1s poblado. Aunque la biodiversidad tiene muchas dimensiones y por lo tanto hay muchas formas de medirla, la investigaci\u00f3n sugiere que los grandes depredadores desempe\u00f1an un papel fundamental en la regulaci\u00f3n de los ecosistemas y que su presencia est\u00e1 asociada a una mayor biodiversidad en general (<a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?e=001qarCpElnEG2NNsprJ7fnSqQUwKyaMWuDvlyJu4icpbkTWJYMRB6XQNaVsCdKdEa4flhVI-cLVH0Q_gReJsA4Fe7cTUxvDstdkO0eGlp0xXWu8RBZS2mBx5slcOSahw2WL3A4LS49o0v3uBpXd7_GXJv17-KlFvf3cUQpFrrRo5EV4IwVFt6y1Q==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Sergio et al. 2005<\/a>). Para los que proponen \u00abcompartir tierras\u00bb es fundamental preguntarse si compartir el terreno entre humanos y grandes predadores es siquiera posible.<\/p>\n<p>Un art\u00edculo reciente de <a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?e=001qarCpElnEG1qHeCklymD_cFmnPMDrpuhehH-41g0IoizxY4u61nGzqTx9wy-2XOgmSEiish1INiOCORXRad2BbvBPPEho5264hNYDJ3CYyRSbulKLs3zultTmQyumEKVjim92iK40QVp4Mw_EU6cIyWjOa2ZntOuu0crWt1HZIVtGZT5aDFwOMUQGj-s55IFAPrux3YM9jaDEYaHyhiqWg==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Carter et al.<\/a> (2012), publicado en los Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, responde a esta interrogante al estudiar la capacidad de los tigres para coexistir con humanos dentro y fuera del Parque Nacional de Chitwan en Nepal. Los tigres son una especie interesante para estudiar en este contexto porque est\u00e1n en peligro en todo el mundo y se considera que son especialmente vulnerables a la extinci\u00f3n debido a que compiten con los humanos por espacio y alimento (<a href=\"http:\/\/r20.rs6.net\/tn.jsp?e=001qarCpElnEG2n56BDWoQ9N0xsXOz9DYl_Ny7ajQDe726C0PkZnM4knrCp24keICvT5ACec-8sKCou87gCui18k-0w1ccow922_k8s8FLnCQZ5mR2Dg_6tmqCVC4DqhgKm-nlr9OgvftHxR6XirgeCc0wgkqOE1URIerBIZHLNCzHp2a5ZfFfWH8A2rlSzvWtbILgQIdUg51r7SguOZzoKQg==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Karanth et al. 2010<\/a>) y a las presiones de la caza furtiva. El Parque Nacional de Chitwan es una reserva emblem\u00e1tica que ha recibido considerable apoyo financiero del Gobierno de Nepal y de WWF (Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s). Adem\u00e1s, es patrullado activamente por el ej\u00e9rcito nepal\u00ed para impedir actividades ilegales. Se sabe que la densidad de tigres es alta dentro del parque, pero el parque est\u00e1 rodeado por un asentamiento humano relativamente denso (m\u00e1s de 200 personas por kil\u00f3metro cuadrado). Esto lo convierte en un lugar ideal para estudiar si realmente es posible que humanos y grandes depredadores \u00abcompartan tierras\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Carter y sus colegas utilizaron datos obtenidos con c\u00e1maras de campo detectoras de movimiento localizadas dentro y fuera del Parque Nacional de Chitwan en 2010 y 2011. No s\u00f3lo la densidad de tigres fue bastante elevada en ambos a\u00f1os sino que, sorprendentemente, la densidad no fue significativamente distinta dentro y fuera del parque. Aunque hab\u00eda mayor cantidad de seres humanos fuera del parque, su presencia dentro de este fue todav\u00eda considerable; en total, los seres humanos hicieron disparar el 85% de las c\u00e1maras. Los propios investigadores se sorprendieron al descubrir que ni los humanos a pie (en su mayor\u00eda recolectores de recursos forestales) ni los que iban en veh\u00edculos (sobre todo personal del ej\u00e9rcito) tuvieron un efecto estad\u00edsticamente significativo sobre la probabilidad de la presencia de tigres. Mientras que el 20% de las detecciones de tigres en el parque ocurrieron durante horas del d\u00eda, s\u00f3lo el 5% de las detecciones de tigres fuera del parque tuvieron lugar a esas horas. Por lo tanto, los investigadores creen que los tigres ajustan sus actividades en respuesta a la presencia humana, siendo menos activos cuando los pobladores locales son m\u00e1s activos.<\/p>\n<p>Los resultados de este estudio son muy alentadores, y tienen importantes implicaciones para el debate sobre compartir o ahorrar tierras: parece que por lo menos es posible que seres humanos y algunos grandes depredadores compartan tierras. Si los grandes depredadores son buenos indicadores de la biodiversidad, entonces puede que no sea necesario reubicar a las poblaciones locales y restringir estrictamente todas sus actividades para conservar especies como los tigres. Por supuesto, los resultados de este estudio deben ser verificados en otros lugares para extraer conclusiones de aplicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s general. Existen algunas razones para pensar que el caso de Chitwan pueda ser el mejor escenario. Chitwan recibe cantidades excepcionales de apoyo financiero, pol\u00edtico y t\u00e9cnico, lo que lo hace muy distinto de muchos de los parques nacionales del mundo, especialmente aquellos en pa\u00edses en desarrollo. Adem\u00e1s, no todos los depredadores son capaces de ajustar su comportamiento con la misma eficacia que los tigres. Hay que a\u00f1adir que el estudio no indica si hubo incidentes de ataques de tigres a humanos o al ganado, que pueden afectar la buena disposici\u00f3n de los humanos para compartir la tierra con grandes depredadores. No obstante, los resultados de este estudio ofrecen esperanza a quienes creen que la coexistencia entre humanos y un gran depredador es por lo menos posible.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Existe un intenso debate en la literatura cient\u00edfica sobre si la mejor manera de asegurar la permanencia de la biodiversidad global es a trav\u00e9s de \u00abcompartir tierras\u00bb o a trav\u00e9s de \u00abahorrar tierras\u00bb (Godfray et al. 2010, Perfecto y Vandermeer 2010, Phalan et al. 2011, Tscharntke et al. 2012). Los que proponen el \u00abahorro de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":74,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[137,95],"tags":[405,294,702,699,310,700,701,567,703,698],"language":[2169],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[3103],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[697],"class_list":["post-11218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forest-management-restoration","category-human-wellbeing","tag-biodiversidad","tag-bosques","tag-chitwan","tag-compartir-tierras","tag-conservacion","tag-depredadores","tag-especies-en-peligro","tag-nepal","tag-recursos-forestales","tag-tigres","language-espanol","type-espanol-opinan-los-expertos"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Compartiendo la tierra con tigres en Nepal - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/11218\/compartiendo-la-tierra-con-tigres-en-nepal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Compartiendo la tierra con tigres en Nepal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Existe un intenso debate en la literatura cient\u00edfica sobre si la mejor manera de asegurar la permanencia de la biodiversidad global es a trav\u00e9s de \u00abcompartir tierras\u00bb o a trav\u00e9s de \u00abahorrar tierras\u00bb (Godfray et al. 2010, Perfecto y Vandermeer 2010, Phalan et al. 2011, Tscharntke et al. 2012). 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