{"id":10134,"date":"2012-07-04T15:21:13","date_gmt":"2012-07-04T15:21:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=10134"},"modified":"2015-08-24T15:50:55","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T08:50:55","slug":"va-redd-demasiado-lento-no-necesariamente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/10134\/va-redd-demasiado-lento-no-necesariamente","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfVa REDD+ demasiado lento? No necesariamente…"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Fotograf\u00eda cortes\u00eda de Flickr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BOGOR, Indonesia (4 de julio de 2102)_Se supon\u00eda que la implementaci\u00f3n de REDD+ iba a ser \u201camplia, r\u00e1pida y barata\u201d. Hasta ahora no es una gran cosa, sino muchos peque\u00f1os esfuerzos dise\u00f1ados e implementados por muchos donantes y organismos diferentes, un conjunto de programas de dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n lentos y, probablemente, m\u00e1s caros de lo que se esperaba al comienzo. \u00bfEs malo todo eso?<\/p>\n

En sus primeros cinco a\u00f1os, REDD+ se ha hecho cada vez m\u00e1s amplio y complejo en muchos aspectos imprevistos, explican Angelsen et \u00e1l<\/em>., editores de una nueva recopilaci\u00f3n de estudios titulada Analysing REDD+: Challenges and choices<\/a> (An\u00e1lisis de REDD: Retos y alternativas). <\/em>Debido en parte a la falta de financiamiento de largo plazo y a una enorme diversidad de intereses, instituciones, ideas e informaci\u00f3n, los primeros proyectos REDD+ se crearon con fondos de desarrollo. No han contado con el financiamiento s\u00f3lido y confiable que podr\u00eda haber tra\u00eddo un nuevo acuerdo internacional sobre cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

Los editores describen REDD+ como un \u201camplio dosel\u201d, al amparo del cual una extensa gama de actores pueden implementar sus propias ideas sobre qu\u00e9 se podr\u00eda hacer para reducir la deforestaci\u00f3n y la degradaci\u00f3n forestal. Pero a\u00fan est\u00e1 lejos de lograr el cambio transformador que los editores consideran un prerrequisito para superar el escenario habitual que contin\u00faa impulsando la p\u00e9rdida de bosque.<\/p>\n

Brockhaus y Angelsen afirman que dicha transformaci\u00f3n requerir\u00eda un \u201ccambio en el discurso, las actitudes y las relaciones de poder, y unas acciones deliberadas de pol\u00edticas y protesta\u201d. Deber\u00edan eliminarse los incentivos econ\u00f3micos que fomentan el uso no sostenible del bosque. Habr\u00eda que divulgar nueva informaci\u00f3n entre los grupos de actores interesados en los niveles nacional y local, e involucrados en \u201cderechos, conservaci\u00f3n de bosques y desigualdades\u201d. Ser\u00eda necesario establecer nuevas coaliciones que representen intereses diversos.<\/p>\n

Por supuesto que hacer esto es un reto. Las coaliciones con diversos intereses podr\u00edan acarrear una p\u00e9rdida de enfoque respecto a la concepci\u00f3n original de REDD+. Para los cient\u00edficos es dif\u00edcil generar y divulgar informaci\u00f3n clara sobre el clima y el carbono. Cambiar los incentivos econ\u00f3micos requiere comprender los costos de oportunidad, sumamente variables, y las relaciones de poder entre grupos que pueden ganar o perder.<\/p>\n

Contar con la colaboraci\u00f3n de grupos para lograr el cambio en diferentes escalas pol\u00edticas requiere ciertamente una distribuci\u00f3n equitativa de beneficios. Pero como Luttrell et \u00e1l<\/em>. apuntan en uno de los cap\u00edtulos del libro, existen muchos argumentos potencialmente contradictorios sobre qui\u00e9n se deber\u00eda beneficiar de los proyectos REDD+: \u00bfDeber\u00edan ir los beneficios a las personas con derecho legal sobre la tierra y el recurso que almacena carbono, o a quienes gestionen bien los bosques \u2013quienes puede que no tengan un derecho jur\u00eddico claro sobre el bosque\u2013, o a quienes implementan programas REDD+, como empresas privadas u ONGs?<\/p>\n

El hecho de que REDD+ no sea un gran programa centralizado siguiendo principios vinculantes multilaterales, sancionados por un convenio global y con un mecanismo de financiamiento bien gobernado, no es necesariamente el inconveniente principal. Un mecanismo REDD+ amplio y r\u00e1pido podr\u00eda entra\u00f1ar riesgos, como apuntan Fairhead et \u00e1l<\/em><\/a>. en un reciente estudio sobre el \u201cacaparamiento de recursos naturales con fines ecol\u00f3gicos\u201d. Aportar nuevo valor a la naturaleza (como har\u00e1 REDD+) y conectar dicha naturaleza con los mercados dentro de un sistema internacional en el que, a menudo, los intereses mercantiles extranjeros y nacionales reciben trato preferencial del Estado, puede provocar expropiaciones de tierras y recursos locales a trav\u00e9s de procesos de \u201creservas, territorializaci\u00f3n, legalizaci\u00f3n y violencia\u201d, como detallan Peluso y Lund<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Analysing REDD+<\/em> se esfuerza por mostrar los posibles obst\u00e1culos y deficiencias estructurales que debe abordar REDD+ para funcionar a largo plazo sin tales devastadores efectos sociales. Muchos de los autores del libro (por ejemplo, Jagger et \u00e1l<\/em>.) demandan nuevas coaliciones e instituciones para salvaguardar no s\u00f3lo el medio forestal, sino tambi\u00e9n los derechos comunitarios y la participaci\u00f3n en la toma de decisiones. Adem\u00e1s, como explican Larson et \u00e1l<\/em>. Las soluciones a los problemas de tenencia de la tierra y de los recursos forman parte del cambio transformador que REDD+ necesita para funcionar.<\/p>\n

Al final, Analysing REDD+<\/em> es cautamente optimista. Si se crean coaliciones inclusivas que influencien las pol\u00edticas, es de esperar que lo hagan bas\u00e1ndose en un enfoque \u201c\u00fatil, en cualquier caso\u201d. A lo largo del proceso podr\u00edan lograr algunas metas positivas, como eliminar subsidios perversos y resolver problemas locales de tenencia.<\/p>\n

Analysing REDD+<\/em> no pretende resolver todos los problemas a los que se enfrenta la implementaci\u00f3n. Pero hace una buena labor indicando qu\u00e9 problemas deben solucionarse. Tambi\u00e9n apunta hacia d\u00f3nde deben ir las instituciones, incorporando distintas ideas, compartiendo m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n y respetando (y, cuando sea necesario, protegiendo) los intereses de muchos grupos.<\/p>\n

Si REDD+ est\u00e1 avanzando m\u00e1s despacio de lo esperado, no es necesariamente negativo. Si va a suceder, un REDD+ sostenible deber\u00eda avanzar a la par que las instituciones que protegen los derechos locales sobre la tierra y los recursos, y tener la capacidad de adaptar sistemas jur\u00eddicos nacionales e intereses econ\u00f3micos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (4 de julio de 2102)_Se supon\u00eda que la implementaci\u00f3n de REDD+ iba a ser \u201camplia, r\u00e1pida y barata\u201d. Hasta ahora no es una gran cosa, sino muchos peque\u00f1os esfuerzos dise\u00f1ados e implementados por muchos donantes y organismos diferentes, un conjunto de programas de dise\u00f1o e implementaci\u00f3n lentos y, probablemente, m\u00e1s caros de lo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,161,180,151],"tags":[294,385,390,357,547,552,123],"language":[2169],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[3103],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[234],"class_list":["post-10134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-deforestation","category-mitigating-climate-change","category-redd-2","tag-bosques","tag-cambio-climatico","tag-deforestacion","tag-desarrollo","tag-emisiones-de-carbono","tag-gobernanza-forestal","tag-redd","language-espanol","type-espanol-opinan-los-expertos"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfVa REDD+ demasiado lento? No necesariamente... - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/10134\/va-redd-demasiado-lento-no-necesariamente\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00bfVa REDD+ demasiado lento? No necesariamente...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BOGOR, Indonesia (4 de julio de 2102)_Se supon\u00eda que la implementaci\u00f3n de REDD+ iba a ser \u201camplia, r\u00e1pida y barata\u201d. 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He currently focuses on two main CIFOR projects: Chinese trade and investment in Africa: Assessing and governing trade-offs to national economies, local livelihoods and forest ecosystems and Policy and regulatory options to recognise and better integrate the domestic timber sector in tropical countries. Prior to joining CIFOR, Louis Putzel was associated with the New York Botanical Garden's Institute for Economic Botany as a biology doctoral student in the CUNY Plant Sciences programme, where he completed a dissertation related to the Chinese timber trade in Peruvian Amazonia and the growing demand for shihuahuaco (Dipteryx spp.), a valuable and ecologically important hardwood timber. He previously worked in the field of conflict resolution in central Africa as well as in the private sector in Hong Kong and China.","sameAs":["\/\/www.cifor.org\/nc\/about-us\/cifor-scientist-profiles\/scientist-profile.html?tx_ciforwebse"],"url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/author\/louisputzel"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/10134\/va-redd-demasiado-lento-no-necesariamente#local-main-organization-logo","url":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/cifor-icraf-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/cifor-icraf-logo.png","width":596,"height":250,"caption":"CIFOR-ICRAF"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10134"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10134\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/location?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"tag-bahasa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag-bahasa?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"tag-espanol","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag-espanol?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"tag-francais","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag-francais?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"type-espanol","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type-espanol?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"type-bahasa","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type-bahasa?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"type-english","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type-english?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"type-francais","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type-francais?post=10134"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=10134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}